Wellbore systems for monitoring operations
Wellbore systems include one or more sensing devices configured to sense physical parameters before, during, and/or after fluid injection procedures are performed to inject fluid into a subterranean formation. Seismic vibrations may be induced into the subterranean formation and detected at the injection wellbore or in a remote monitoring wellbore as part of monitoring and evaluation of the fluid injection operations. The one or more sensing devices may also be configured to monitor well production and/or formation conditions in and around a single wellbore and/or in multiple wellbore systems.
1 . A system comprising:
a fluid injection tubing positioned downhole within a wellbore, wherein at least some portion of the fluid injection tubing is positioned within a casing, the casing surrounded by an annulus extending between an outer surface of the casing and an exposed portion of a formation within the wellbore; and
one or more first sensing devices positioned along the outer surface of the casing or between the casing and the formation, wherein the one or more first sensing devices are communicatively coupled to a single communication line, and wherein at least one of the one or more first sensing devices is configured to sense seismic vibrations transmitted into and passing through the formation and to provide one or more output signals representative of the sensed seismic vibrations.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first sensing devices include at least one geophone.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first sensing devices include at least one hydrophone.
4 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising an inductive coupler configured to inductively couple the one or more output signals provided by the one or more first sensing devices positioned relative to the casing to a computer system located above a surface of the wellbore.
5 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more second sensing devices, wherein the one or more first sensing devices includes at least one geophone and the one or more second sensing devices include at least one additional sensing device other than a geophone.
6 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of fluid control ports distributed along a length of the fluid injection tubing, the fluid injection tubing including a set of packers that isolates the plurality of fluid control ports into individual and separate injection zones, and wherein at least one of the one or more first sensing devices is positioned within each of the separate injection zones.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more output signals representative of the sensed seismic vibrations are configured to be communicated to a computer system using a communication link that is also configured to allow for an interrogation to be performed of one or more second sensing devices, wherein the computer system uses a uniform communication protocol across the one or more first sensing devices and the one or more second sensing devices, wherein the one or more second sensing devices include one or more quartz or other sensors located downhole in the wellbore, wherein the one or more second sensing devices are different from the one or more first sensing devices.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to inject carbon dioxide into the formation.
9 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a seismic generator/transmitter that is configured to generate seismic vibrations and to transmit the generated seismic vibrations into the formation.
10 . A method comprising:
generating and transmitting seismic vibrations into a subterranean formation;
performing, using a wellbore system including a fluid injection tubing, one or more fluid injection operations to inject a fluid into the subterranean formation, wherein the fluid injection tubing is positioned within a casing in a wellbore;
detecting, using one or more sensing devices, the seismic vibrations transmitted into and passing through the subterranean formation, wherein the one or more sensing devices are positioned along an outer surface of the casing or between the casing and the subterranean formation; and
outputting, from the one or more sensing devices and using a single communication line that is communicatively coupled to the one or more sensing devices, one or more output signals representative of the detected seismic vibrations.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the one or more sensing devices comprises a geophone.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the fluid being injected is carbon dioxide.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the wellbore system comprises a single wellbore having one or more borehole orientations, the single wellbore configured to perform the fluid injection operation(s).
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein outputting the one or more output signals representative of the detected seismic vibrations comprises coupling the one or more sensing devices positioned outside of the casing to a computer system located above a surface of the wellbore system using an inductive coupler.