Gas turbine engine
A gas turbine engine comprises a turbomachine having an unducted primary fan, a core engine a combustor casing enclosing a combustor, a core cowl surrounding at least a portion of the core engine and a fluid distribution assembly. The outer surface of the core cowl defines a peak cowl diameter (D) in a radial direction, and the outer surface of the combustor casing defines a maximum combustor casing diameter (d) along the radial direction. The core engine defines an overall core axial length (L) along an axial direction and an under-core cowl axial length (L 1 ) along the axial direction. The gas turbine engine defines a core cowl diameter ratio (CDR) equal to the peak cowl diameter (D) divided by the maximum combustor casing diameter (d) and a core cowl length ratio (CLR) equal to the under-core cowl axial length (L 1 ) divided by the overall core axial length (L).
1 . A gas turbine engine defining an axial direction and a radial direction, the gas turbine engine comprising:
a turbomachine having an unducted primary fan, a core engine including a combustor and a combustor casing enclosing the combustor and defining an outer surface, a core cowl surrounding at least a portion of the core engine and defining an inner surface and an outer surface;
a thermal management system comprising a thermal transport bus, a plurality of heat source exchangers configured to be in thermal communication with a heat exchange fluid through the thermal transport bus, and at least one heat sink exchanger configured to be permanently or selectively in thermal communication with the heat exchange fluid in the thermal transport bus at a location downstream of the plurality of heat source exchangers;
wherein the outer surface of the core cowl defines a peak cowl diameter (D) in the radial direction, the outer surface of the combustor casing defines a maximum combustor casing diameter (d) along the radial direction, the core engine defines an overall core axial length (L) along the axial direction and an under-core cowl axial length (L1) along the axial direction,
wherein the gas turbine engine defines a core cowl diameter ratio (CDR) equal to the peak cowl diameter (D) divided by the maximum combustor casing diameter (d) and a core cowl length ratio (CLR) equal to the under-core cowl axial length (L1) divided by the overall core axial length (L),
wherein the CDR is between 2.7 and 3.5 and wherein the CLR is between 0.25 and 0.50.
2 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one heat sink exchangers is configured as a de-icing module.
3 . The gas turbine engine of claim 2 , wherein the de-icing module comprises a plurality of thermal lines in thermal communication with a surface of the gas turbine engine.
4 . The gas turbine engine of claim 3 , wherein the de-icing module is configured to be in communication with a thermal line in thermal communication with a surface of an aircraft.
5 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat source exchangers comprises a first heat source exchanger and a second heat source exchanger, and wherein the gas turbine engine further comprises:
a first accessory system in thermal communication with the first heat source exchanger; and
a second accessory system in thermal communication with the second heat source exchanger.
6 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the thermal transport bus includes a plurality of bypass lines for selectively bypassing each of the at least one heat sink exchangers.
7 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one heat sink exchanger includes at least one of a RAM heat exchanger, a fuel heat exchanger, a fan stream heat exchanger, or a bleed air heat exchanger.
8 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat source exchangers includes a main lubrication system heat exchanger, an environmental control system precooler, a generator lubrication system heat exchanger, an electronics cooling system heat exchanger, a compressor cooling air system heat exchanger, an active clearance control system heat exchanger, or a combination thereof.
9 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein a compressor in fluid communication with the heat exchange fluid at a location upstream of the at least one heat sink exchanger for compressing the heat exchange fluid in the thermal transport bus.
10 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the thermal management system is located at least partially within the core cowl.
11 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the CDR is between 2.8 and 3.3.
12 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the CLR is between 0.3 and 0.45.
13 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the CLR is between 0.40 and 0.45.
14 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a rear frame including a strut having a trailing edge, wherein the primary fan includes a primary fan blade having a leading edge, and wherein the overall core axial length (L) along the axial direction is measured from the leading edge of the primary fan blade to the trailing edge of the strut.
15 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a high-pressure compressor inlet guide vane having a leading edge, and a rear frame including a strut having a trailing edge, wherein the under-core cowl axial length (L1) along the axial direction is measured from the leading edge of the inlet guide vane to the trailing edge of the strut.
16 . The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising a ducted secondary fan disposed downstream from the primary fan.
17 . The gas turbine engine of claim 16 , wherein the ducted secondary fan is a single stage secondary fan.
18 . The gas turbine engine of claim 16 , wherein the gas turbine engine is a three-stream gas turbine engine.
19 . An aircraft, comprising:
a wing; and
a gas turbine engine mounted to the wing, the gas turbine engine defining an axial direction and a radial direction, the gas turbine engine comprising:
a turbomachine having an unducted primary fan, a core engine including a combustor and a combustor casing enclosing the combustor and defining an outer surface, a core cowl surrounding at least a portion of the core engine and defining an inner surface and an outer surface;
a thermal management system comprising a thermal transport bus, a plurality of heat source exchangers configured to be in thermal communication with a heat exchange fluid through the thermal transport bus, and at least one heat sink exchanger configured to be permanently or selectively in thermal communication with the heat exchange fluid in the thermal transport bus at a location downstream of the plurality of heat source exchangers;
wherein the outer surface of the core cowl defines a peak cowl diameter (D) in the radial direction, the outer surface of the combustor casing defines a maximum combustor casing diameter (d) along the radial direction, the core engine defines an overall core axial length (L) along the axial direction and an under-core cowl axial length (L1) along the axial direction,
wherein the gas turbine engine defines a core cowl diameter ratio (CDR) equal to the peak cowl diameter (D) divided by the maximum combustor casing diameter (d) and a core cowl length ratio (CLR) equal to the under-core cowl axial length (L1) divided by the overall core axial length (L),
wherein the CDR is between 2.7 and 3.5 and wherein the CLR is between 0.25 and 0.50.
20 . The aircraft of claim 19 , wherein the at least one heat sink exchangers is configured as a de-icing module, wherein the de-icing module comprises a plurality of thermal lines in thermal communication with a surface of the gas turbine engine, with a surface of an aircraft, or both.