Granted Patent B2

US 12,645,536 · App. 18/330,631 · Granted Jun 2, 2026

Inventors: Changhwi Park (Suwon-si, KR); Junyoung Ko (Suwon-si, KR); Jungmin Bak (Suwon-si, KR)

Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

G06F11/1076G06F11/008G06F11/3072

Abstract

Claims (80)

1 . A CXL device for managing storage of data in at least one of a plurality of memories, the CXL device comprising:

the plurality of memories;

a memory management unit configured to arrange the plurality of memories for storage of data at least in part by:

configuring a plurality of tier groups among which the plurality of memories are classified and included;

for each memory of the plurality of memories:

obtaining metadata associated with the memory, wherein the metadata comprises information indicative of a determined remaining lifetime of the memory;

determining the determined remaining lifetime of the memory based on an operating time, a number of received commands, a warranty period and/or a use period of the respective memory;

determining a grade of the memory selected from a plurality of grades, wherein the determining the grade of the memory is configured such that:

a first grade of the plurality of grades is assigned to a memory having metadata indicating a first determined remaining lifetime; and

a second grade of the plurality of grades is assigned to a memory having metadata indicating a second determined remaining lifetime that is less than the first determined remaining lifetime;

determining a tier group of the plurality of tier groups, to which the memory belongs according to the determined grade of the memory; and

setting a RAID structure for the plurality of tier groups based on grades of memories included in each tier group;

a memory processing unit configured to facilitate the storage of data at least in part by:

determining a tier group of the plurality of tier groups in which to store the data based on tiering information of the data;

selecting a memory of the plurality of memories included in the determined tier group in which to store the data; and

storing the data in the selected memory,

retrieving the stored data from the selected memory.

2 . The CXL device of claim 1 , wherein the memory management unit is further configured to:

determine the tier group to which the memory belongs as a first tier group of the at least one tier group when the grade is the first grade; and

determine the tier group to which the memory belongs as a second tier group of the at least one tier group when the grade is the second grade having a reliability level lower than the first grade.

3 . The CXL device of claim 2 , wherein the memory management unit is further configured to receive the first data including tiering information that is set as first tier information and the second data including tiering information that is set as second tier information, wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to:

store the first data in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group, based on the first tier information; and store the second data in one of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group, based on the second tier information, and wherein the first tier information is generated based on a frequency of use and an input/output speed of the first data, and the second tier information is generated based on a frequency of use and an input/output speed of the second data.

4 . The CXL device of claim 3 , further comprising a compressor configured to compress the first data by using a first compression method according to a speed-focused compression algorithm when a use ratio of ones of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group exceeds a first criterion, wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to store the first data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group.

5 . The CXL device of claim 4 , wherein the compressor is further configured to compress existing data stored in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group when the use ratio of the ones of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group exceeds a second criterion higher than the first criterion, and wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to replace the existing data with the existing data that was compressed and store the existing data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group.

6 . The CXL device of claim 4 , wherein the compressor is further configured to compress the second data by using a second compression method according to a compression rate-focused compression algorithm when a use ratio of ones of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group exceeds a second criterion, and wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to store the second data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group.

7 . The CXL device of claim 2 , wherein the first tier group comprises a first quantity of ones of the plurality of memories having the first grade and a second quantity of ones of the plurality of memories having the second grade, wherein the second tier group comprises a third quantity of ones of the plurality of memories having the first grade and a fourth quantity of ones of the plurality of memories having the second grade, and wherein the first quantity is equal to or greater than the third quantity, and the second quantity is equal to or less than the fourth quantity.

8 . The CXL device of claim 2 , wherein the memory management unit is configured to set a RAID structure of each of the first tier group and the second tier group, and wherein the memory processing unit is configured to calculate a parity bit of the data according to the RAID structure.

9 . The CXL device of claim 8 , wherein the first tier group has a RAID 0 structure and the second tier group has a nested RAID structure.

10 . An operation method of a CXL device for managing storage of data in at least one of a plurality of memories of the CXL device, the operation method comprising:

arranging the plurality of memories of the CXL device for storage of data at least in part by:

configuring a plurality of tier groups among which the plurality of memories are classified and included;

for each memory of the plurality of memories:

obtaining metadata associated with the memory, wherein the metadata comprises information indicative of a determined remaining lifetime of the memory;

determining the determined remaining lifetime of the memory based on an operating time, a number of received commands, a warranty period and/or a use period of the respective memory;

determining a memory grade of the memory wherein the memory grade is selected from a plurality of grades and the determining the memory grade is configured such that:

a first grade of the plurality of grades is assigned to a memory having metadata indicating a first determined remaining lifetime; and

a second grade of the plurality of grades is assigned to a memory having metadata indicating a second determined remaining lifetime that is less than the first determined remaining lifetime; and

determining a tier group of the plurality of tier groups, to which the memory belongs, according to the determined memory grade;

setting a RAID structure of the determined tier group;

determining a tier group of the plurality of tier groups in which to store the data;

selecting a memory of the plurality of memories included in the determined tier group in which to store the data;

storing the data in the selected memory; and

retrieving the stored data from the selected memory.

11 . The operation method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving the data and tiering information of the data;

calculating a parity of the data, according to the RAID structure of the at least one tier group, based on the tiering information; and

storing the parity in one of the plurality of memories included in the at least one tier group.

12 . The operation method of claim 11 , further comprising:

wherein determining the tier group in which to store the data comprises determining a first tier group, in which the data is stored, of the at least one tier group, based on the tiering information; determining whether a memory use ratio of the first tier group exceeds a preset first criterion;

compressing the data when the memory use ratio exceeds the first criterion; and

storing the data comprises storing the data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group.

13 . The operation method of claim 12 , further comprising:

determining whether the memory use ratio of the first tier group exceeds a preset second criterion higher than the first criterion; and

compressing existing data stored in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group when the memory use ratio exceeds the second criterion.

14 . A computer system for managing storage of data in at least one of a plurality of memories of a CXL device, the computer system comprising:

a host configured to:

output first data including tiering information that is set as first tier information requiring a first number of input/output times; and

output second data including tiering information that is set as second tier information requiring a second number of input/output times smaller than the first number of input/output times; and

the CXL device, wherein the CXL device comprises a plurality of memories and is configured to:

arrange the plurality of memories of the CXL device for storage of data at least in part by:

determining a grade for each memory of the plurality of memories based on metadata indicating at least one of an operating time, a number of received commands, a warranty period, or a use period of the memory;

configuring a plurality of tier groups among which the plurality of memories are classified and included, the plurality of tier groups comprising a first tier group and a second tier group by classifying the plurality of memories based on the determined grade;

setting a RAID structure of each of the first tier group and the second tier group;

facilitate storage of data in at least one of the plurality of memories at least in part by:

storing the first data in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group, based on the first tier information; and

storing the second data in one of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group, based on the second tier information.

15 . The computer system of claim 14 , wherein the CXL device is further configured to:

determine a grade of a first memory of the plurality of memories, based on metadata of the first memory;

determine a tier group, to which the first memory belongs, as the first tier group when the grade is a first grade; and

determine the tier group, to which the first memory belongs, as the second tier group when the grade is a second grade having a reliability level lower than the first grade.

16 . The computer system of claim 15 , wherein the first tier group has a RAID 0 structure and the second tier group has a nested RAID structure.

17 . The computer system of claim 15 , further comprising:

a compressor configured to compress the first data by using a first compression method according to a speed-focused compression algorithm when a use ratio of ones of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group exceeds a first criterion; and

a memory processing unit configured to store the first data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group.

18 . The computer system of claim 17 , wherein the compressor is further configured to compress existing data stored in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group when the use ratio of ones of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group exceeds a second criterion higher than the first criterion, and wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to replace the existing data with the existing data that was compressed and store the existing data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group.

19 . The computer system of claim 18 , wherein the compressor is further configured to compress the second data by using a second compression method according to a compression rate-focused compression algorithm when a use ratio of ones of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group exceeds a second criterion, and wherein the memory processing unit is further configured to store the second data that was compressed in one of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group.

20 . The computer system of claim 14 , wherein the CXL device is further configured to:

calculate a parity bit of the first data according to the RAID structure of the first tier group;

calculate a parity bit of the second data according to the RAID structure of the second tier group; store the first data and the parity bit of the first data in at least one of the plurality of memories included in the first tier group; and

store the second data and the parity bit of the second data in at least one of the plurality of memories included in the second tier group.

Assignments (1)

Priority Claims (1)

Continuity (1)

References Cited (21)