Granted Patent B2

US 12,650,304 · App. 17/989,922 · Granted Jun 9, 2026

Inventors: Yulin Pan (Ann Arbor, MI); Guangyao Wang (Tianjin, CN); Yuminghao Xiao (Wuhan, CN)

Assignee: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

G01C13/004B63B43/02B63B51/00G01C21/203

Abstract

Claims (63)

1 . A method for generating a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast with ensemble based data assimilation, the method comprising:

(a) receiving, at one or more processors, a set of radar data corresponding to an ocean surface;

(b) determining, by the one or more processors based on the set of radar data, a surface elevation and a particle velocity of a portion of the ocean surface;

(c) generating, by the one or more processors, an ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data based on the surface elevation and the particle velocity, wherein said ensemble is generated by adding random noise to the surface elevation;

(d) applying, by the one or more processors, a phase-resolved nonlinear wave model to the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data to generate a set of forecast ocean surface data;

(e) receiving, at the one or more processors, a subsequent set of radar data corresponding to the ocean surface;

(f) determining, by the one or more processors based on the subsequent set of radar data, a subsequent surface elevation and a subsequent particle velocity of the portion of the ocean surface; and

(g) combining, by the one or more processors applying an ensemble Kalman filter, the set of forecast ocean surface data with the subsequent surface elevation and the subsequent particle velocity to generate a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast.

2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying, by the one or more processors, a rogue wave based on the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast; and

generating, by the one or more processors applying a modified route planner, a modified travel route for a ship to avoid the rogue wave.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:

iteratively performing (e)-(g) for the portion of the ocean surface until the portion is not included in the subsequent set of radar data.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of radar data includes radar data corresponding to a plurality of points across a region of the ocean surface, the portion of the ocean surface corresponds to a respective point of the plurality of points, and wherein the method further comprises:

performing (b)-(g) for each respective point of the plurality of points.

5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

linearly inflating, by the one or more processors utilizing an adaptive inflation algorithm, the set of forecast ocean surface data.

6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying, by the one or more processors, a first predictable zone and a first unpredictable zone within the set of radar data;

identifying, by the one or more processors, a second predictable zone and a second unpredictable zone within the subsequent set of radar data; and

combining, by the one or more processors applying the ensemble Kalman filter, the set of forecast ocean surface data with the subsequent surface elevation and the subsequent particle velocity to generate the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast based on radar data corresponding to an overlap region between the first predictable zone and the second predictable zone.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase-resolved nonlinear wave model comprises a high-order spectral (HOS) method.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data includes a plurality of surface elevations and a plurality of particle velocities, and the method further comprises:

generating, by the one or more processors utilizing a set of measurement error statistics, the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data based on the surface elevation and the particle velocity.

9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

causing, by the one or more processors, a user device to display the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast on a user interface of the user device for viewing by a user.

10 . A system for generating a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast with ensemble based data assimilation, the system comprising:

a memory storing a set of computer-readable instructions comprising at least a phase-resolved nonlinear wave model and an ensemble Kalman filter; and

a processor interfacing with the memory, and configured to execute the set of computer-readable instructions to cause the processor to:

(a) receive a set of radar data corresponding to an ocean surface;

(b) determine, based on the set of radar data, a surface elevation and a particle velocity of a portion of the ocean surface;

(c) generate an ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data based on the surface elevation and the particle velocity, wherein said ensemble is generated by adding random noise to the surface elevation;

(d) apply the phase-resolved nonlinear wave model to the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data to generate a set of forecast ocean surface data;

(e) receive a subsequent set of radar data corresponding to the ocean surface;

(f) determine, based on the subsequent set of radar data, a subsequent surface elevation and a subsequent particle velocity of the portion of the ocean surface; and

(g) combine, by applying the ensemble Kalman filter, the set of forecast ocean surface data with the subsequent surface elevation and the subsequent particle velocity to generate a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast.

11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the set of computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to:

identify a rogue wave based on the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast; and

apply a modified route planner to generate a modified travel route for a ship to avoid the rogue wave.

12 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the set of computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to:

iteratively perform (e)-(g) for the portion of the ocean surface until the portion is not included in the subsequent set of radar data.

13 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the set of radar data includes radar data corresponding to a plurality of points across a region of the ocean surface, the portion of the ocean surface corresponds to a respective point of the plurality of points, and wherein the set of computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to:

perform (b)-(g) for each respective point of the plurality of points.

14 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the set of radar data is collected by a plurality of ships and a plurality of buildings.

15 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data includes a plurality of surface elevations and a plurality of particle velocities, and wherein the set of computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to:

generate, by utilizing a set of measurement error statistics, the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data based on the surface elevation and the particle velocity.

16 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising a user interface, and wherein the set of computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to:

cause the user interface to display the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast for viewing by a user.

17 . A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a set of instructions, executable by at least one processor, for generating a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast with ensemble based data assimilation, the instructions comprising:

(a) instructions for receiving a set of radar data corresponding to an ocean surface;

(b) instructions for determining, based on the set of radar data, a surface elevation and a particle velocity of a portion of the ocean surface;

(c) instructions for generating an ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data based on the surface elevation and the particle velocity, wherein said ensemble is generated by adding random noise to the surface elevation;

(d) instructions for applying a phase-resolved nonlinear wave model to the ensemble of perturbed ocean surface data to generate a set of forecast ocean surface data;

(e) instructions for receiving a subsequent set of radar data corresponding to the ocean surface;

(f) instructions for determining, based on the subsequent set of radar data, a subsequent surface elevation and a subsequent particle velocity of the portion of the ocean surface; and

(g) instructions for combining, by applying an ensemble Kalman filter, the set of forecast ocean surface data with the subsequent surface elevation and the subsequent particle velocity to generate a phase-resolved ocean wave forecast.

18 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein the instructions further comprise:

instructions for identifying a rogue wave based on the phase-resolved ocean wave forecast; and

instructions for applying a modified route planner to generate a modified travel route for a ship to avoid the rogue wave.

19 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein the instructions further comprise:

instructions for iteratively performing (e)-(g) for the portion of the ocean surface until the portion is not included in the subsequent set of radar data.

20 . The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein the set of radar data includes radar data corresponding to a plurality of points across a region of the ocean surface, the portion of the ocean surface corresponds to a respective point of the plurality of points, and wherein the instructions further comprise:

instructions for performing (b)-(g) for each respective point of the plurality of points.

Assignments (1)

Continuity (2)

References Cited (26)