Power converter and method of operating
A power converter includes a first and a second set of switching elements communicatively coupled with a first capacitor and a second capacitor. A controller is configured to cyclically command a first operation of the first set of switches to supply an electrical current to the first capacitor for a first duration, followed by a first interval to terminate the electrical current to the first capacitor. The controller is further configured to cyclically command a second operation of the second set of switches to provide the electrical current to the second capacitor for a second duration followed by a second interval to terminate the electrical current to the second capacitor.
1 . A power converter comprising:
a first set of switches coupled in series with a second set of switches;
a first capacitor arranged to receive an electrical current from the first set of switches;
a second capacitor arranged to receive the electrical current from the second set of switches;
a controller communicatively coupled to the first set of switches and the second set of switches, and configured to cyclically command a first operation of the first set of switches to supply the electrical current to the first capacitor for a first duration and to terminate the electrical current to the first capacitor for a first interval, the controller further configured to cyclically command a second operation of the second set of switches to provide the electrical current to the second capacitor for a second duration and to terminate the electrical current to the second capacitor for a second interval, the controller further configured to determine an imbalance condition exists based on a comparison of a first voltage across the first capacitor with a second voltage across the second capacitor;
wherein when an imbalance condition exists, the controller is configured to one of advance or delay a start of at least one of the first duration and the second duration;
wherein the first duration and the second duration are based on a respective duty cycle of the first set of switches and the second set of switches; and
wherein the controller commands the first operation based on a comparison of a first carrier signal with the respective duty cycle of the first set of switches, and further commands the second operation based on a comparison of a second carrier signal with the respective duty cycle of the second set of switches.
2 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein, when an imbalance condition exists, the controller is configured to one of advance or delay one of the first carrier signal, the second carrier signal, or both, such that the first carrier signal and the second carrier signal are asymmetric with respect to each other.
3 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the controller commands the first operation by supplying a first command signal to the first set of switches, and commands the second operation by supplying a second command signal to the second set of switches.
4 . The power converter of claim 3 , wherein the one of advance or delay the start of one of the first duration or the second duration, or both, is based on an advance or a delay of at least one of the first command signal or the second command signal, respectively.
5 . The power converter of claim 3 , further comprising a set of sensors communicatively coupled to the controller, the set of sensors arranged to detect the first voltage across the first capacitor, and the second voltage across the second capacitor, the set of sensors configured to supply a respective sensor signal indicative of a magnitude of the first voltage and a magnitude of the second voltage to the controller.
6 . The power converter of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to determine a magnitude of the first voltage and a magnitude of the second voltage based on the respective sensor signals, determine the magnitude of the second voltage based on the respective sensor signals, and to further determine the imbalance condition exists based on a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.
7 . The power converter of claim 6 , wherein a magnitude of the one of advance or delay of the start of at least one of the first duration and the second duration, is proportional to a magnitude of the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.
8 . The power converter of claim 6 , wherein when the imbalance condition is determined based on a magnitude of the first voltage that is greater than the magnitude of the second voltage, the one of advance or delay of the start of at least one of the first duration and the second duration, comprises one of an advance to the first command signal or a delay to the second command signal.
9 . The power converter of claim 6 , wherein when the imbalance condition is determined based on a magnitude of the first voltage that is less than the magnitude of the second voltage, the one of advance or delay the start of one of the first duration or the second duration, or both, comprises one of a delay to the first command signal or an advance to the second command signal.
10 . A method of operating a power converter including a first set of switches coupled in series with a second set of switches, a first capacitor arranged to receive an electrical current from the first set of switches, a second capacitor arranged to receive the electrical current from the second set of switches; the first set of switches and the second set of switches communicatively coupled to a controller, the method comprising:
cyclically commanding, by the controller, a first operation of the first set of switches to supply the electrical current to the first capacitor for a first duration and terminate the electrical current to the first capacitor for a first interval;
cyclically commanding, by the controller, a second operation of the second set of switches to provide the electrical current to the second capacitor for a second duration and terminate the electrical current to the second capacitor followed for a second interval;
determining, by the controller, an imbalance condition exists based on a comparison of a first voltage across the first capacitor with a second voltage across the second capacitor;
when an imbalance condition exists, one of advancing or delaying a start of one of the first duration or the second duration;
wherein the first duration and the second duration are based on a respective duty cycle of the first set of switches and the second set of switches; and
wherein the controller commands the first operation based on a comparison of a first carrier signal with the respective duty cycle of the first set of switches, and further commands the second operation based on a comparison of a second carrier signal with the respective duty cycle of the second set of switches.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein a set of sensors is communicatively coupled to the controller, the set of sensors arranged to detect the first voltage across the first capacitor, and the second voltage across the second capacitor, the set of sensors configured to supply a respective sensor signal indicative of a magnitude of the first voltage and a magnitude of the second voltage to the controller.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining, by the controller, the magnitude of the first voltage and the magnitude of the second voltage based on the respective sensor signals;
wherein determining the imbalance condition exists comprises determining a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein commanding the first operation includes supplying, by the controller, a first command signal to the first set of switches, and wherein commanding the second operation includes supplying, by the controller, a second command signal to the second set of switches.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the one of advancing or delaying the start of one of the first duration or the second duration comprises one of an advance or a delay to at least one of the first command signal or the second command signal, respectively.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein a magnitude of the one of the advance or the delay to at least one of the first command signal or the second command signal is proportional to a magnitude of the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein when the imbalance condition is determined based on a magnitude of the first voltage that is greater than the magnitude of the second voltage, the advancing or delaying the start of one of the first duration or the second duration comprises one of a respective advance to the first command signal or delay to the second command signal.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein when the imbalance condition is determined based on a magnitude of the first voltage that is less than the magnitude of the second voltage, the advancing or delaying the start of one of the first duration or the second duration comprises one of a respective delay to the first command signal or advance to the second command signal.