IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,695,410
Granted Patent B2
US 12,695,410 · App. 19/198,682 · Granted Jul 28, 2026

Frontsheets for photovoltaic modules

Inventors: Emma Dohner (Menlo Park, CA); William Sirski (San Jose, CA)
Assignee: GAF Energy LLC
H02S20/23H10F19/804
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,695,410
App. No.
19/198,682
Filed
May 5, 2025
Granted
Jul 28, 2026
Kind
B2
Art Unit
1722
USPC
136/251
Abstract

A roofing system, including a roof deck and a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on the roof deck. Each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules includes at least one solar cell, an encapsulant encapsulating the at least one solar cell, and a frontsheet above the encapsulant. The frontsheet includes a first layer, where the first layer contacts the roof deck, and where the first layer comprises a plurality of cavities or a plurality of ribs.

Claims (48)

1 . A roofing system, comprising:

a roof deck; and

a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on the roof deck,

wherein each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules includes

at least one solar cell,

an encapsulant encapsulating the at least one solar cell, and

a frontsheet,

wherein the frontsheet is above the encapsulant,

wherein the frontsheet comprises a first layer, and

wherein the first layer comprises a plurality of cavities, and

a filler material in at least one cavity of the plurality of cavities,

wherein the filler material comprises a fire-retardant material.

2 . The roofing system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one closed cavity.

3 . The roofing system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one open cavity.

4 . The roofing system of claim 1 , wherein the fire-retardant material comprises a liquid.

5 . The roofing system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least two channels extending between opposite ends of the first layer.

6 . The roofing system of claim 5 , wherein the at least two channels extend along a major dimension of the photovoltaic module.

7 . A photovoltaic module, comprising:

at least one solar cell;

an encapsulant encapsulating the at least one solar cell;

a frontsheet,

wherein the frontsheet is above the encapsulant,

wherein the frontsheet comprises a first layer, and

wherein the first layer comprises a plurality of cavities; and

a filler material in at least one cavity of the plurality of cavities,

wherein the filler material comprises a fire-retardant material or a phase change material.

8 . The photovoltaic module of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one closed cavity.

9 . The photovoltaic module of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one open cavity.

10 . The photovoltaic module of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least two channels extending between opposite ends of the first layer.

11 . The photovoltaic module of claim 10 , wherein the at least two channels extend along a major dimension of the photovoltaic module.

12 . A roofing system, comprising:

a roof deck; and

a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on the roof deck,

wherein each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules includes

at least one solar cell,

an encapsulant encapsulating the at least one solar cell, and

a frontsheet,

wherein the frontsheet is above the encapsulant,

wherein the frontsheet comprises a first layer, and

wherein the first layer comprises a plurality of cavities, and

a filler material in at least one cavity of the plurality of cavities,

wherein the filler material comprises a phase-change material.

13 . The roofing system of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one closed cavity.

14 . The roofing system of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least one open cavity.

15 . The roofing system of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprises at least two channels extending between opposite ends of the first layer.

16 . The roofing system of claim 15 , wherein the at least two channels extend along a major dimension of the photovoltaic module.

17 . The roofing system of claim 12 , wherein the phase-change material comprises hydrated salts.

18 . The roofing system of claim 17 , wherein the hydrated salts comprises calcium or sodium.

Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63643002 · May 6, 2024
Related Publication 20250343500A1 · Nov 6, 2025
References Cited (331)
US 1981467A · Radtke · 1934 [cited by applicant]
US 3156497A · Lessard · 1964 [cited by applicant]
US 3581779A · Gilbert, Jr. · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 4258948A · Hoffmann · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4349220A · Carroll et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4499702A · Turner · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4636577A · Peterpaul · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 5167579A · Rotter · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5437735A · Younan et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5590495A · Bressler et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5642596A · Waddington · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 6008450A · Ohtsuka et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6033270A · Stuart · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6046399A · Kapner · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6201180B1 · Meyer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6220329B1 · King et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6308482B1 · Strait · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6320114B1 · Kuechler · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6320115B1 · Kataoka et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6336304B1 · Mimura et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6341454B1 · Koleoglou · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6407329B1 · Iino et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6576830B2 · Nagao et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6928781B2 · Desbois et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6972367B2 · Federspiel et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7138578B2 · Komamine · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7155870B2 · Almy · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7178295B2 · Dinwoodie · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7487771B1 · Eiffert et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7587864B2 · McCaskill et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7678990B2 · McCaskill et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7678991B2 · McCaskill et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7748191B2 · Podirsky · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7819114B2 · Augenbraun et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7824191B1 · Podirsky · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7832176B2 · McCaskill et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8118109B1 · Hacker · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8168880B2 · Jacobs et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8173889B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8210570B1 · Railkar et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8276329B2 · Lenox · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8312693B2 · Cappelli · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8319093B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8333040B2 · Shiao et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8371076B2 · Jones et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8375653B2 · Shiao et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8404967B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8410349B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8418415B2 · Shiao et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8438796B2 · Shiao et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8468754B2 · Railkar et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8468757B2 · Krause et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8505249B2 · Geary · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8512866B2 · Taylor · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8513517B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8586856B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8601754B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8629578B2 · Kurs et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8646228B2 · Jenkins · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8656657B2 · Livsey et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8671630B2 · Lena et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8677702B2 · Jenkins · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8695289B2 · Koch et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8713858B1 · Xie · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8713860B2 · Railkar et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8733038B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8776455B2 · Azoulay · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8789321B2 · Ishida · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8793940B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8793941B2 · Bosler et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8826607B2 · Shiao et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8835751B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8863451B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8898970B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8925262B2 · Railkar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8943766B2 · Gombarick et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8946544B2 · Jabos et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8950128B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8959848B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8966838B2 · Jenkins · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8966850B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8994224B2 · Mehta et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9032672B2 · Livsey et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9121178B2 · Belt et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9153950B2 · Yamanaka et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9166087B2 · Chihlas et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9169646B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9170034B2 · Bosler et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9178465B2 · Shiao et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9202955B2 · Livsey et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9212832B2 · Jenkins · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9217584B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9270221B2 · Zhao · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9273885B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9276141B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9331224B2 · Koch et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9356174B2 · Duarte et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9359014B1 · Yang et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9412890B1 · Meyers · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9528270B2 · Jenkins et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9605432B1 · Robbins · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9711672B2 · Wang · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9755573B2 · Livsey et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9786802B2 · Shiao et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9831818B2 · West · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9912284B2 · Svec · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9923515B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9938729B2 · Coon · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9991412B2 · Gonzalez et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9998067B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10027273B2 · West et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10115850B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10128660B1 · Apte et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10156075B1 · McDonough · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10187005B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10256765B2 · Rodrigues et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10284136B1 · Mayfield et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10454408B2 · Livsey et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10530292B1 · Cropper et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10560048B2 · Fisher et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10563406B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US D879031S · Lance et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10579028B1 · Jacob · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10784813B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US D904289S · Lance et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11012026B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11085187B2 · Grubka et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11177639B1 · Nguyen et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11217715B2 · Sharenko et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11251744B1 · Bunea et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11258399B2 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11283394B2 · Perkins et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11309828B2 · Sirski et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11394344B2 · Perkins et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11424379B2 · Sharenko et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11431280B2 · Liu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11431281B2 · Perkins et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11444569B2 · Clemente et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11454027B2 · Kuiper et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11459757B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11486144B2 · Bunea et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11489482B2 · Peterson et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11496088B2 · Sirski et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11508861B1 · Perkins et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11512480B1 · Achor et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11527665B2 · Boitnott · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11545927B2 · Abra et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11545928B2 · Perkins et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11658470B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11661745B2 · Bunea et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11689149B2 · Clemente et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11705531B2 · Sharenko et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11728759B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11732490B2 · Achor et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11811361B1 · Farhangi et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11824486B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11824487B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11843067B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20020053360A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020129849A1 · Heckeroth · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030101662A1 · Ullman · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030132265A1 · Villela et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030217768A1 · Guha · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040000334A1 · Ressler · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050030187A1 · Peress et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050115603A1 · Yoshida et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050144870A1 · Dinwoodie · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050178428A1 · Laaly et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050193673A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060042683A1 · Gangemi · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060046084A1 · Yang et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070074757A1 · Mellott et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070181174A1 · Ressler · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070193618A1 · Bressler et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070249194A1 · Liao · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070295385A1 · Sheats et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080006323A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080035140A1 · Placer et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080078440A1 · Lim et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080185748A1 · Kalkanoglu · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080271774A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080289682A1 · Adriani et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080302030A1 · Stancel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080315061A1 · Fath · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090000222A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090014057A1 · Croft et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090014058A1 · Croft et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090019795A1 · Szacsvay et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090044850A1 · Kimberley · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090114261A1 · Stancel et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090133340A1 · Shiao et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090159118A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090178350A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090229652A1 · Mapel et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090275247A1 · Richter et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100019580A1 · Croft et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100095618A1 · Edison et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100101634A1 · Frank et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100116325A1 · Nikoonahad · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100131108A1 · Meyer · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100139184A1 · Williams et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100146878A1 · Koch et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100159221A1 · Kourtakis et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100170169A1 · Railkar et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100186798A1 · Tormen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100242381A1 · Jenkins · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100313499A1 · Gangemi · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100325976A1 · DeGenfelder et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100326488A1 · Aue et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100326501A1 · Zhao et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110030761A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110036386A1 · Browder · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110036389A1 · Hardikar et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110048507A1 · Livsey et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110058337A1 · Han et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110061326A1 · Jenkins · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110100436A1 · Cleereman et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110104488A1 · Muessig et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110132427A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110168238A1 · Metin et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110239555A1 · Cook et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110302859A1 · Crasnianski · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110314753A1 · Farmer et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120034799A1 · Hunt · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120060434A1 · Jacobs · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120060902A1 · Drake · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120085392A1 · Albert et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120137600A1 · Jenkins · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120176077A1 · Oh et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120212065A1 · Cheng et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120233940A1 · Perkins et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120240490A1 · Gangemi · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120260977A1 · Stancel · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120266942A1 · Komatsu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120279150A1 · Pislkak et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120282437A1 · Clark et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120291848A1 · Sherman et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130008499A1 · Verger et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130014455A1 · Grieco · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130118558A1 · Sherman · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130193769A1 · Mehta et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130247988A1 · Reese et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130284267A1 · Plug et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130306137A1 · Ko · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140090697A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140150843A1 · Pearce et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140173997A1 · Jenkins · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140179220A1 · Railkar et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140182222A1 · Kalkanoglu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140208675A1 · Beerer et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140254776A1 · O'Connor et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140266289A1 · Della Sera et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140311556A1 · Feng et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140352760A1 · Haynes et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140366464A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150089895A1 · Leitch · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150162459A1 · Lu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150340516A1 · Kim et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150349173A1 · Morad et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160105144A1 · Haynes et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160142008A1 · Lopez et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160254776A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160276508A1 · Huang et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160359451A1 · Mao et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170159292A1 · Chihlas et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170179319A1 · Yamashita et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170179726A1 · Garrity et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170237390A1 · Hudson et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170331415A1 · Koppi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180094438A1 · Wu et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180097472A1 · Anderson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180115275A1 · Flanigan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180254738A1 · Yang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180294765A1 · Friedrich et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180351502A1 · Almy et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180367089A1 · Stutterheim et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190030867A1 · Sun et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190081436A1 · Onodi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190123679A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190253022A1 · Hardar et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190305717A1 · Allen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200109320A1 · Jiang · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200144958A1 · Rodrigues et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200220819A1 · Vu et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200224419A1 · Boss et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200343397A1 · Hem-Jensen · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210083619A1 · Hegedus · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210115223A1 · Bonekamp et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210159353A1 · Li et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210273126A1 · O'Neill · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210301536A1 · Baggs et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210343886A1 · Sharenko et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220060141A1 · Felton · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220149213A1 · Mensink et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20240186428A1 · Allert · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20240291427A1 · Perkins et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
CA 2829440A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CA 3085698A1 · 2022 [cited by examiner]
CH 700095A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 202797032U · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 217150978U · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 116376452A · 2023 [cited by examiner]
DE 1958248A1 · 1971 [cited by applicant]
EP 1039361A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
EP 1837162A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
EP 1774372A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 2446481A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
EP 2784241A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
EP 3772175A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
JP 10046767A · 1998 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002106151A · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2001098703A · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017027735A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018053707A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
KR 20090084060A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
KR 101348283B1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020190000367A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
KR 102253483B1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
NL 2026856B1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010151777A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011049944A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015133632A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018000589A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019201416A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020159358A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021247098A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
English machine translation of Lin et al. (CN 116376452) published Jul. 4, 2023. [cited by examiner]
Sunflare, Procducts: “Sunflare Develops Prototype For New Residential Solar Shingles”; 2019 <<sunflaresolar.com/news/sunflare-develops-prototype-for-new-residential-solar-shingles>> retrieved Feb. 2, 2021. [cited by applicant]
RGS Energy, 3.5kW Powerhouse 3.0 system installed in an afternoon; Jun. 7, 2019 <<facebook.com/RGSEnergy/>> retrieved Feb. 2, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Tesla, Solar Roof <<tesla.com/solarroof>> retrieved Feb. 2, 2021. [cited by applicant]
“Types of Roofing Underlayment”, Owens Corning Roofing; <<https://www.owenscorning.com/en-us/roofing/tools/how-roofing-underlayment-helps-protect-your-home>> retrieved Nov. 1, 2021. [cited by applicant]