Multifunctional composite projectiles and methods of manufacturing the same
Composite projectiles include various material compositions, diameters, and cavities within the projectiles having a variety of cavity diameters, sidewalls, and bottoms selected and formed to induce different levels of penetration and disintegration of the composite projectiles upon impact with targets.
1 . A molded frangible composite projectile, comprising:
a leading end;
a trailing end;
a projectile diameter;
a pressure-inducing cavity formed within the composite projectile, the pressure-inducing cavity defining a cavity depth, a cavity diameter, a cavity sidewall, and a cavity bottom; and
a homogeneously mixed and melt-flow processed composite disposed in the pressure-inducing cavity, comprising (by weight):
greater than 0% and less than 10% of a polymer;
85%-95% metallic particles having a maximum dimension of 250 microns; and
less than 5% carbon particles having a maximum dimension of 50 microns;
wherein the pressure-inducing cavity is configured to induce disintegration of the composite projectile upon impact with a target, the projectile diameter and the cavity diameter defining a ratio dictating a depth of penetration within the target.
2 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein, upon discharge from a weapon, the composite projectile possesses kinetic energy, the leading end and the pressure-inducing cavity being configured to expend a portion of the kinetic energy to form a wound cavity within the target while the trailing end remains as a retained mass configured to deliver another portion of the kinetic energy into the wound cavity.
3 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the composite projectile is free of carbon particles.
4 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein a combination of (i) the ratio of the projectile diameter to the cavity diameter, and (ii) a ratio of the cavity depth to the cavity diameter dictates the depth of penetration of the composite projectile within the target.
5 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 4 , wherein the ratio between the projectile diameter to the cavity diameter is greater than 2.5:1.
6 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 4 , wherein the ratio between the projectile diameter to the cavity diameter is less than 2.5:1.
7 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 4 , wherein the ratio between the cavity depth to the cavity diameter defines an aspect ratio selected to control a transition between fragmentation and retained-mass penetration within the target.
8 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 7 , wherein the aspect ratio is 6.5:1 to 3.5:1.
9 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 7 , wherein the aspect ratio is 3.4:1 to 2:1.
10 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 7 , wherein the aspect ratio is 1.9:1 to 0.1:1.
11 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity bottom is V-shaped in cross-section.
12 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity bottom is U-shaped in cross-section.
13 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity bottom is flat in cross-section.
14 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity bottom is round in cross-section.
15 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity sidewall is stepped in cross-section.
16 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the target is a hardened target, and wherein, upon impact with the hardened target, the trailing end of the composite projectile remains as the retained mass configured to penetrate into the hardened target.
17 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the target is a soft target, and wherein, upon impact with the soft target, (i) the leading end of the composite projectile fragments about the pressure-inducing cavity such that portions of the composite projectile separate and travel in an outward, radial trajectory, and (ii) the trailing end of the composite projectile remains as the retained mass configured to penetrate into the soft target.
18 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 17 , wherein the trailing end of the composite projectile retains sufficient mass to continue along an initial trajectory of the composite projectile after fragmentation of the leading end.
19 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , wherein the cavity sidewall defines an angle of between 0 degrees and 89 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the composite projectile, the angle being selected to control a rate of expansion of the composite projectile.
20 . The molded frangible composite projectile as in claim 1 , further comprising at least one drag-inducing element disposed on an external surface of the composite projectile, the drag-inducing element configured to induce turbulent flow and disrupt aerodynamic stability of the composite projectile beyond a designated range or target.