Multilevel electric power converter
There is described a power converter for transforming electrical power between direct current (DC) power and alternating current (AC) power. The power converter has a first stage comprising a first branch having a first pair of series-connected switches, a second branch having a second pair of series-connected switches, and a capacitor connected between the first and second branches; a second stage comprising a third branch having a first plurality of series-connected switches, a fourth branch having a second plurality of series-connected switches, and a plurality of capacitors connected between the third and fourth branches at respective connection points located between intermediate switches of the first and second pluralities of series-connected switches; and a connection branch coupling the first stage and the second stage.
1 . A power converter for transforming electrical power between direct current (DC) power and alternating current (AC) power, comprising:
a first stage comprising a first branch having a first pair of series-connected switches, a second branch having a second pair of series-connected switches, and a capacitor connected between the first and second branches, wherein each of the first pair and the second pair of series-connected switches comprises a first switch and a second switch, and further wherein one of a DC source and a DC load is connectable to a first node connected to the second switch of the first pair of series-connected switches and to a second node connected to the second switch of the second pair of series-connected switches, the second node being a neutral point of the power converter;
a second stage comprising a third branch having a first plurality of series-connected switches, a fourth branch having a second plurality of series-connected switches, and a plurality of capacitors connected between the third and fourth branches at respective connection points located between intermediate switches of the first and second pluralities of series-connected switches; and
a connection branch coupling the first stage and the second stage.
2 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of series-connected switches comprises a first group of three switches, wherein the second plurality of series-connected switches comprises a second group of three switches, and wherein the plurality of capacitors comprises first and second capacitors, wherein the first capacitor is connected between a first switch and a second switch of the first group of three switches and between a first switch and a second switch of the second group of three switches, and wherein the second capacitor is connected between the second switch and a third switch of the first group of three switches and between the second switch and a third switch of the second group of three switches.
3 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of series-connected switches comprises a first group of N switches, wherein the second plurality of series-connected switches comprises a second group of N switches, and wherein the plurality of capacitors comprises N-1 capacitors.
4 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the DC source is connectable to the first node and to the second node, and further wherein an AC load is connectable to the second node and to a common node connecting the first switch of the first group of three switches and the first switch of the second group of three switches.
5 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the connection branch is connected between a first common node and a second common node, the first common node connecting the first switch of the first pair of series-connected switches and the first switch of the second pair of series-connected switches, and the second common node connecting the third switch of the first group of three switches and the third switch of the second group of three switches.
6 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the DC load is connectable to the first node and to the second node, and further wherein an AC source is connectable to the second node and to a common node connecting the first switch of the first group of three switches and the first switch of the second group of three switches.
7 . The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the first pair of series-connected switches is configured to operate complementarily with the second pair of series-connected switches, and the first plurality of series-connected switches is configured to operate complementarily with the second plurality of series-connected switches for defining a plurality of distinct switching states producing different voltage levels at an output of the power converter.
8 . The power converter of claim 7 , wherein the first and the second pair of series-connected switches, and the first and the second plurality of series-connected switches are configured to operate for defining twenty-six switching states producing nine voltage levels at the output of the power converter.
9 . A three-phase power converter for transforming electrical power between direct current (DC) power and alternating current (AC) power, comprising first, second, and third power converters according to claim 1 , wherein the first, second, and third power converters are connected to a first common node connectable to a DC system, to a second common node as a neutral point of the three-phase converter, and to a third common node connectable to an AC system.
10 . The three-phase power converter of claim 9 , wherein, for each of the first, second, and third power converters, the first plurality of series-connected switches comprises a first group of at least three switches, the second plurality of series-connected switches comprises a second group of at least three switches, and each capacitor of the plurality of capacitors is connected between a pair of adjacent switches of the first group of switches and a corresponding pair of adjacent switches of the second group of switches.
11 . The three-phase power converter of claim 9 , wherein the first common node is connectable to the DC system comprising the DC source.
12 . The three-phase power converter of claim 9 , wherein the third common node is connectable to the AC system comprising three AC load elements, each AC load element associated with a respective phase and connected to a respective one of the first, second, and third power converters.
13 . The three-phase power converter of claim 9 , wherein, for each of the first, second, and third power converters, the first plurality of series-connected switches comprises a first group of three switches and the second plurality of series-connected switches comprises a second group three switches.
14 . The three-phase power converter of claim 9 , wherein, for each of the first, second, and third power converters, the first plurality of series-connected switches comprises a first group of more than three switches and the second plurality of series-connected switches comprises a second group of more than three switches.
15 . The three-phase power converter of claim 13 , wherein, for each of the first, second, and third power converters, the second stage comprises a half-bridge inverter connected to a switching cell, the half-bridge inverter comprising a first switch of the first group of switches, a first switch of the second group of switches, and a first capacitor of the plurality of capacitors connected therebetween, and the switching cell comprising a second and a third switch of the first group of switches, a second and a third switch of the second group of switches, and an intermediate branch therebetween, the intermediate branch comprising remaining ones of the plurality of capacitors and a pair of bidirectional switches.
16 . The three-phase power converter of claim 15 , wherein the switching cell is connected to the half-bridge inverter with the third branch and the fourth branch each connecting to the half-bridge inverter on opposing terminals of the first capacitor.
17 . The three-phase power converter of claim 15 , wherein the intermediate branch comprises a capacitor branch formed by a second capacitor and a third capacitor of the plurality of capacitors, the capacitor branch connected between the third branch and the fourth branch at points located between the second and the third switch of the first group of switches and between the second and the third switch of the second group of switches.
18 . The three-phase power converter of claim 17 , wherein the bidirectional switches of the intermediate branch are connected between the capacitor branch and the third and fourth branch to divide the second capacitor and the third capacitor of the capacitor branch.