Control of hyperfine interaction in broker-client systems
Systems and methods provide protection of a quantum state of a client quantum system of a broker-client system. The client-broker system comprises the client quantum system and a broker quantum system coupled by an anisotropic hyperfine interaction. The method comprises applying a magnetic field having an orientation and magnitude selected to suppress the hyperfine interaction. While the hyperfine interaction is suppressed, a quantum state of the broker quantum system may be altered by steps including optically exciting the broker quantum system. The method may be applied to reduce decoherence of the quantum state of the client quantum system while generating entanglement of the broker quantum system with other quantum systems.
1 . A quantum information system comprising:
a physical broker-client system comprising a client quantum system, and a broker quantum system wherein a first hyperfine interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system is anisotropic and there exists at least a first direction in space relative to the locations of the client quantum system and broker quantum system for which a magnitude of an effective hyperfine constant is zero when a magnetic field is aligned with the first direction in space;
a magnet configured to apply to the broker-client system a first magnetic field along a direction that is substantially aligned with the first direction;
a controller configured to cause a change in a quantum state of the broker quantum system while the magnet is applying the first magnetic field.
2 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to reset the quantum state of the broker quantum system while the magnet is applying the first magnetic field by applying a pulse of light to the broker-client system, the pulse of light having a wavelength corresponding to a transition of the broker quantum system to an excited state.
3 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to control the magnet to apply the first magnetic field or a third magnetic field having a direction and magnitude, wherein a strength of the first hyperfine interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system is greater in the presence of the third magnetic field than in the presence of the first magnetic field.
4 . The system according to claim 1 wherein a strength of the first hyperfine interaction for different directions of an applied magnetic field is characterized by values of the effective hyperfine constant determined by a hyperfine tensor having the property that there exist different directions of the applied magnetic field for which corresponding values of the effective hyperfine constant have different signs.
5 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the broker-client system comprises a luminescence centre.
6 . The system according to claim 5 wherein the luminescence centre comprises a T-centre.
7 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the broker quantum system and the client quantum system are respectively provided by an intrinsic spin of a first particle and an intrinsic spin of a second particle.
8 . The system according to claim 7 wherein the broker quantum system comprises an electron spin and the client quantum system comprises a nuclear spin.
9 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the broker-client system is in or on a substrate and the system comprises a photonic layer on the substrate wherein the broker quantum system is optically coupled to an optical resonator and/or an optical waveguide of the photonic layer.
10 . The system according to claim 9 wherein the optical resonator is tuned to a frequency corresponding to a transition from one of a plurality of ground state energy levels of the broker quantum system to an excited state of the broker quantum system.
11 . The system according to claim 10 wherein the excited state of the broker quantum system comprises an exciton.
12 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the client quantum system is a first client quantum system and the physical broker-client system comprises a second client quantum system wherein a second hyperfine interaction between the broker quantum system and the second client system is anisotropic and there exists at least a second direction in space relative to the locations of the second client quantum system and broker quantum system for which an effective hyperfine constant for the second hyperfine interaction is zero and the controller is configured to control the magnet to selectively apply the first magnetic field or a second magnetic field substantially aligned with the second direction.
13 . The system according to claim 1 wherein the client quantum system is a first client quantum system and the physical broker-client system comprises a second client quantum system wherein a second hyperfine interaction between the broker quantum system and the second client quantum system is anisotropic,
wherein:
there exists a first trajectory in spherical coordinate space such that when a magnetic field is aligned with any direction on the first trajectory an effective hyperfine constant for the hyperfine interaction between the broker quantum system and the first client quantum system is zero;
there exists a second trajectory in spherical coordinate space such that when a magnetic field is aligned with any direction on the second trajectory an effective hyperfine constant for the second hyperfine interaction is zero; and
the controller is configured to cause the magnet to apply a magnetic field to the broker-client system that has a direction that is within five degrees of:
a) a direction corresponding to an intersection of the first and second trajectories; or
b) a direction corresponding to the centre of a line extending between the points on the first and second trajectories that correspond to the smallest angular distance between the first and second trajectories.
14 . A method for protecting a quantum state of a client quantum system of a broker-client system comprising the client quantum system and a broker quantum system wherein a hyperfine interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system is anisotropic and characterized by a hyperfine tensor such that an effective hyperfine constant has a magnitude that depends on an orientation of an applied magnetic field relative to the locations of the client quantum system and broker quantum system;
the method comprising:
suppressing the hyperfine interaction by applying a first magnetic field to the broker-client system that has a magnitude and orientation selected to cause the effective hyperfine constant to have a first magnitude that is less than 10% of a largest principal value magnitude of the hyperfine tensor;
and
while the hyperfine interaction is suppressed, altering a quantum state of the broker quantum system.
15 . The method according to claim 14 wherein altering the quantum state of the broker quantum system comprises optically exciting the broker quantum system.
16 . The method according to claim 14 wherein altering the quantum state of the broker quantum system comprises resetting the quantum state of the broker quantum system to a predetermined initial quantum state.
17 . The method according to claim 14 comprising, subsequent to changing the quantum state of the broker quantum system, changing the magnetic field to a second magnetic field having a magnitude and orientation selected to cause the effective hyperfine constant to have a second magnitude that is greater than the first magnitude.
18 . The method according to claim 17 wherein the first magnitude of the effective hyperfine constant is not more than 10% of the second magnitude of the effective hyperfine constant.
19 . A method for maintaining fidelity of a quantum state of a client quantum system, the method comprising:
providing a node comprising a client quantum system and a broker quantum system and characterized by an anisotropic local interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system, the anisotropic local interaction having a value that depends on an orientation of an applied magnetic field relative to the locations of the client quantum system and broker quantum system and ranges from a minimum value to a maximum value, where a value of zero indicates a minimum interaction strength; and;
suppressing the local interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system by applying a magnetic field having a magnitude and direction selected to cause the strength of the local interaction to be 0±10% of the difference between the minimum value and the maximum value.
20 . The method of claim 19 comprising, while suppressing the local interaction between the client quantum system and the broker quantum system, resetting the broker quantum system and/or executing a protocol to entangle the broker quantum system with another quantum system.
21 . The method of claim 19 wherein the maximum value is greater than zero and the minimum value is less than zero.