Battery with blended battery cells
A battery includes S battery cells of a first type. Each of the S battery cells includes a plurality of first cathode electrodes and a plurality of first anode electrodes. The battery includes T battery cells of a second type, wherein each of the T battery cells includes a plurality of second cathode electrodes and a plurality of second anode electrodes, where S and T are integers greater than one. The T battery cells are arranged between the S battery cells. At least one of the plurality of first cathode electrodes includes a first cathode active material that is different than a second cathode active material of the plurality of second cathode electrodes. The plurality of first anode electrodes includes a first anode active material that is different than a second anode active material of the plurality of second anode electrodes.
1 . A battery system comprising:
a battery including:
S battery cells of a first type, wherein each of the S battery cells includes a plurality of first cathode electrodes and a plurality of first anode electrodes; and
T battery cells of a second type, wherein each of the T battery cells includes a plurality of second cathode electrodes and a plurality of second anode electrodes, where S and T are integers greater than one;
a first voltage sensor configured to sense a first output voltage of the S battery cells of the first type connected together;
a second voltage sensor configured to sense a second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type connected together; and
a DC-DC converter including an input and output, the input of the DC-DC converter coupled only to the T battery cells of the second type, the DC-DC converter configured to receive the first output voltage from the first voltage sensor and boost the second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type to the first output voltage,
wherein the output of the DC-DC converter is coupled to an output of the S battery cells of the first type connected together,
wherein the T battery cells are arranged between the S battery cells,
wherein a volumetric energy density ratio of the S battery cells of the first type to T battery cells of the second type is 2,
wherein each S battery cell of the first type is defined by a first thickness, each T battery cell of the second type is defined by a second thickness, the first thickness is greater than the second thickness, and the second thickness of each T battery cell of the second type is one quarter of the first thickness of each S battery cell of the first type, and
wherein at least one of:
the plurality of first cathode electrodes includes a first cathode active material that is different than a second cathode active material of the plurality of second cathode electrodes, and
the plurality of first anode electrodes includes a first anode active material that is different than a second anode active material of the plurality of second anode electrodes.
2 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein S is greater than T.
3 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein T is equal to S−1.
4 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the S battery cells of the first type and the T battery cells of the second type are arranged in repeating connection segments.
5 . The battery system of claim 4 , wherein, for each of the repeating connection segments, corresponding ones of the S battery cells of the first type are connected in series and corresponding ones of the T battery cells of the second type are connected in parallel between the S battery cells.
6 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first cathode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA), nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and combinations thereof, and
the second cathode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), lithium metal polymer (LMP), and combinations thereof.
7 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first anode active material is selected from a group consisting of graphite, silicon (Si), and combinations thereof, and
the second anode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium titanium oxide (LTO), niobium titanium oxide (NbTIO x ), and combinations thereof.
8 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first cathode active material has an onset temperature that is less than or equal to 200° C., and
the second cathode active material has an onset temperature that is greater than or equal to 250° C.
9 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first anode active material has an onset temperature that is less than or equal to 150° C., and
the second anode active material has an onset temperature that is greater than or equal to 180° C.
10 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the S battery cells of the first type are connected in series and the T battery cells of the second type are connected in series.
11 . The battery system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to:
calculate a first state of charge of the S battery cells of the first type; and
calculate a second state of charge of the T battery cells of the second type,
wherein the controller calculates the first state of charge in a manner that is different than the second state of charge.
12 . The battery system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to:
calculate a first state of health of the S battery cells of the first type; and
calculate a second state of health of the T battery cells of the second type,
wherein the controller calculates the first state of health in a manner that is different than the second state of health.
13 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein a polarity of external tabs of at least one of the S battery cells of the first type is inverted relative to others of the S battery cells of the first type.
14 . A battery system comprising:
a battery including:
S battery cells of a first type, wherein each of the S battery cells includes a plurality of first cathode electrodes and a plurality of first anode electrodes; and
T battery cells of a second type, wherein each of the T battery cells includes a plurality of second cathode electrodes and a plurality of second anode electrodes, where S and T are greater than one;
a first voltage sensor configured to sense a first output voltage of the S battery cells of the first type connected together;
a second voltage sensor configured to sense a second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type connected together; and
a DC-DC converter including an input and output, the input of the DC-DC converter coupled only to the T battery cells of the second type, the DC-DC converter configured to receive the first output voltage from the first voltage sensor and boost the second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type to the first output voltage, wherein the output of the DC-DC converter is coupled to an output of the S battery cells of the first type connected together,
wherein the T battery cells are arranged between the S battery cells,
wherein a volumetric energy density ratio of the S battery cells of the first type to T battery cells of the second type is 2,
wherein each S battery cell of the first type is defined by a first thickness, each T battery cell of the second type is defined by a second thickness, the first thickness is greater than the second thickness, and the second thickness of each T battery cell of the second is one quarter of the first thickness of each S battery cell of the first type, and
wherein at least one of:
the plurality of first cathode electrodes includes a first cathode active material that is different than a second cathode active material of the plurality of second cathode electrodes, and
the plurality of first anode electrodes includes a first anode active material that is different than a second anode active material of the plurality of second anode electrodes,
wherein the first cathode active material has an onset temperature that is less than or equal to 200° C.,
the second cathode active material has an onset temperature that is greater than or equal to 250° C.,
the first anode active material has an onset temperature that is less than or equal to 150° C., and
the second anode active material has an onset temperature that is greater than or equal to 180° C.
15 . The battery system of claim 14 , wherein:
the first cathode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA), nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and combinations thereof, and
the second cathode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), lithium metal polymer (LMP), and combinations thereof.
16 . The battery system of claim 14 , wherein:
the first anode active material is selected from a group consisting of graphite, silicon (Si), and combinations thereof, and
the second anode active material is selected from a group consisting of lithium titanium oxide (LTO), niobium titanium oxide (NbTiO x ), and combinations thereof.
17 . The battery system of claim 14 , wherein a polarity of external tabs of at least one of the S battery cells of the first type is inverted relative to others of the S battery cells of the first type.
18 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first cathode electrodes have a loading of 5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 200 mAh/g, and a density of 3.3 g/cc;
the first cathode active material is nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA),
the first anode electrodes have a loading of 5.5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 500 mAh/g, and a density of 1.5 g/cc;
the first anode active material is graphite/silicon oxide (Gr/SiO x );
the second cathode electrodes have a loading of 5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g, and a density of 2.0 g/cc;
the second cathode active material is lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP),
the second anode electrodes have a loading of 5.5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 160 mAh/g, and a density 2.4 g/cc;
the second anode active material is lithium titanium oxide (LTO).
19 . A battery system comprising:
a battery including:
S battery cells of a first type, wherein each of the S battery cells includes a plurality of first cathode electrodes and a plurality of first anode electrodes, the first cathode electrodes have a loading of 5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 200 mAh/g, and a density of 3.3 g/cc, and the first anode electrodes have a loading of 5.5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 500 mAh/g, and a density of 1.5 g/cc; and
T battery cells of a second type, wherein each of the T battery cells includes a plurality of second cathode electrodes and a plurality of second anode electrodes, the second cathode electrodes have a loading of 5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g, and a density of 2.0 g/cc, and the second anode electrodes have a loading of 5.5 mAh/cm 2 , a specific capacity of 160 mAh/g, and a density 2.4 g/cc, and where S and T are integers greater than one;
a first voltage sensor configured to sense a first output voltage of the S battery cells of the first type connected together;
a second voltage sensor configured to sense a second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type connected together; and
a DC-DC converter including an input and output, the input of the DC-DC converter coupled only to the T battery cells of the second type, the DC-DC converter configured to receive the first output voltage from the first voltage sensor and boost the second output voltage of the T battery cells of the second type to the first output voltage,
wherein the output of the DC-DC converter is coupled to an output of the S battery cells of the first type connected together,
wherein the T battery cells are arranged between the S battery cells,
wherein each S battery cell of the first type is defined by a first thickness, each T battery cell of the second type is defined by a second thickness, and the first thickness is greater than the second thickness, and
wherein at least one of:
the plurality of first cathode electrodes includes a first cathode active material that is nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NOMA) and the plurality of second cathode electrodes includes a second cathode active material that is lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), and
the plurality of first anode electrodes includes a first anode active material that is graphite/silicon oxide (Gr/SiO x ) and the plurality of second anode electrodes includes a second anode active material that is lithium titanium oxide (LTO).
20 . The battery system of claim 19 , wherein:
a volumetric energy density ratio of the S battery cells of the first type to T battery cells of the second type is 2; and
the second thickness of each T battery cell of the second type is one quarter of the first thickness of each S battery cell of the first type.