Method of metallurgically bonding articles and article therefor
An article suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding, the article having a first part having a lower surface, and a second part having an upper surface is disclosed. The lower surface of the first part is disposed at the upper surface of the second part to provide for a faying surface thereat. The faying surface has a plurality of channels with a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns. The article is suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding at the faying surface. The plurality of channels has a repetitive pattern of channels arranged along a path of the faying surface in a direction of the metallurgical bonding action.
1. An article suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding, the article comprising:
a first part having a lower surface; and
a second part having an upper surface, the lower surface of the first part disposed at the upper surface of the second part to provide for a faying surface thereat;
wherein the faying surface comprises a plurality of channels having a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns, the article being suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding at the faying surface;
wherein the plurality of channels comprises a repetitive pattern of channels arranged along a path of the faying surface in a direction of the metallurgical bonding action.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the repetitive pattern of channels comprises a pattern of intersecting linear lines and curvilinear lines arranged along a path of the faying surface in the direction of the metallurgical bonding action.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the intersecting linear lines define at least one center, and at least one curvilinear line is disposed about the center.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the repetitive pattern of channels comprises at least one line having a direction that is the same as a direction of the metallurgical bonding action, and a plurality of rib-like lines forming parallel lines on either side of the at least one line.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of rib-like lines are slanted in a direction that is the same as a direction of the metallurgical bonding action.
6. The article of claim 4 , wherein the rib-like lines have a pitch equal to or greater than about 7 millimeters and equal to or less than about 22 millimeters.
7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the rib-like lines have a pitch equal to or greater than about 11 millimeters and equal to or less than about 13 millimeters.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first part and the second part has a thickness equal to or less than about 1 millimeter.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises a hydroformed part.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first part and the second part comprises a substrate and a coating on the substrate disposed at least at the faying surface, the coating having a lower boiling point temperature than the substrate.
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein the coating is zinc.
12. The article of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of channels has a cross-sectional area calculated using at least two of:
the thickness of the coating;
the welding speed;
the density of solid coating material;
the density of vaporous coating material; and
the density of molten substrate material.
13. A method of metallurgically bonding an article by laser welding, the method comprising:
placing a first part having a lower surface against a second part having an upper surface to provide for a faying surface at an interface of the lower and the upper surfaces, the faying surface comprising a plurality of channels having a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns;
pressing the first and the second parts against one another;
applying heat from a laser welding device to the first part such that the heat crossing the interface of the lower and the upper surfaces results in melting at the interface and capillary fluid flow of the metallurgical molten material within the plurality of channels;
moving the laser welding device along a path to define a metallurgical bonding action, the plurality of channels comprising a repetitive pattern of channels arranged along a path of the faying surface in a direction of the metallurgical bonding action; and
cooling the faying surface thereby producing a laser weld metallurgical bond at the faying surface of the article.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the first part comprises a substrate having a coating disposed at least at the lower surface of the substrate, the coating having a lower boiling point temperature than the substrate;
in response to the heat at the interface, the coating at least partially vaporizes, and the vaporized material at least partially escapes away from the faying surface via the plurality of channels; and
the cooling of the faying surface results in a metallurgical bond having fewer voids than would be present in the absence of the plurality of channels.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the coating is zinc.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the first part and the second part has a thickness equal to or less than about 1 millimeter.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the first part and the second part has a thickness equal to or less than about 0.7 millimeter.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the resulting metallurgical bond has a width greater than would be present in the absence of the plurality of channels.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the faying surface comprises a coating, and further comprising:
estimating the pressure required to prevent coating vapor from entering a weld pool during welding;
estimating an escape velocity of the coating vapor;
estimating a mass flow rate of the coating vapor;
computing a volume flow rate of the coating vapor; and
computing a channel area and a quantity of channels for venting the coating vapor away from the weld pool.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the coating is zinc.
21. An article made by the method of claim 19 .