Atomic layer deposited nanolaminates of HfO2/ZrO2 films as gate dielectrics
A dielectric film containing HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminates and a method of fabricating such a dielectric film produce a reliable gate dielectric having an equivalent oxide thickness thinner than attainable using SiO 2 . A gate dielectric is formed by atomic layer deposition of HfO 2 using a HfI 4 precursor followed by the formation of ZrO 2 on the HfO 2 layer. The HfO 2 layer thickness is controlled by repeating for a number of cycles a sequence including pulsing the HfI 4 precursor into a reaction chamber, pulsing a purging gas into the reaction chamber, pulsing a first oxygen containing precursor into the reaction chamber, and pulsing the purging gas until the desired thickness is formed. These gate dielectrics containing HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminates are thermodynamically stable such that the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminates will have minimal reactions with a silicon substrate or other structures during processing.
1. A method of forming a dielectric film comprising:
forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor; and
forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide to form a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite, wherein the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite is a nanolaminate having a final layer of hafnium oxide and an initial layer of hafnium oxide on the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor includes pulsing a first oxygen containing precursor into the reaction chamber after pulsing the HfI 4 precursor into the reaction chamber.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first oxygen precursor is water vapor.
4. The method of claim 2 , the method further including pulsing nitrogen gas into the reaction chamber as a purging gas between pulsing the HfI 4 precursor into the reaction chamber and pulsing the first oxygen containing precursor into the reaction chamber, and after pulsing the first oxygen containing precursor into the reaction chamber.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor includes performing a predetermined number of cycles of atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide.
6. A method of forming a dielectric film comprising:
forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor; and
forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide by atomic layer deposition to form a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite, wherein the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite is a nanolaminate having a final layer of hafnium oxide and an initial layer of hafnium oxide on the substrate.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide by atomic layer deposition includes using a ZrI 4 precursor.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide by atomic layer deposition includes pulsing an oxygen containing precursor into the reaction chamber after pulsing a zirconium precursor into the reaction chamber.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein pulsing an oxygen containing precursor includes pulsing a vapor solution of H 2 O—H 2 O 2 .
10. The method of claim 8 , the method further including pulsing nitrogen gas into the reaction chamber as a purging gas between pulsing precursors into the reaction chamber.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein pulsing each precursor into the reaction chamber is controlled for a predetermined period, the predetermined period being individually controlled for each precursor pulsed into the reaction chamber.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the method further includes maintaining the substrate at a selected temperature for forming each layer, the selected temperature set independently for forming each layer.
13. The method of claim 6 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide includes forming a completed HfO 2 /ZrO 2 dielectric film having a thickness where the HfO 2 layer has a thickness that is about one-half the thickness of the completed HfO 2 /ZrO 2 dielectric film.
14. A method of forming a transistor comprising:
forming first and second source/drain regions in a substrate;
forming a body region between the first and second source/drain regions;
forming a dielectric film on the body region between the first and second source/drain regions; and
coupling a gate to the dielectric film, wherein forming the dielectric film on the body region includes:
forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor; and
forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide to form a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite, wherein the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 composite is a nanolaminate having a final layer of hafnium oxide and an initial layer of hafnium oxide on the substrate.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide includes forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition.
16. A method of forming a memory array comprising:
forming a number of access transistors, at least one of the access transistors including a dielectric film containing a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate on a body region between a first and second source/drain regions, the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate having a final layer of hafnium oxide and an initial layer of hafnium oxide on the body region, the dielectric film containing a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate formed by a method including:
forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor; and
forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide;
forming a number of word lines coupled to a number of the gates of the number of access transistors;
forming a number of source lines coupled to a number of the first source/drain regions of the number of access transistors; and
forming a number of bit lines coupled to a number of the second source/drain regions of the number of access transistors.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide includes forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition.
18. A method of forming an electronic system comprising:
providing a processor;
coupling a memory array to the processor, wherein the memory array includes at least one access transistor having a dielectric film containing a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate on a body region between a first and second source/drain regions, the HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate having a final layer of hafnium oxide and an initial layer of hafnium oxide on the body region, the dielectric film containing a HfO 2 /ZrO 2 nanolaminate formed by a method including:
forming a layer of hafnium oxide on a substrate in a reaction chamber by atomic layer deposition using a HfI 4 precursor; and
forming a layer of zirconium oxide on the layer of hafnium oxide; and
forming a system bus that couples the processor to the memory array.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide includes forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition includes forming the layer of zirconium oxide using a zirconium halide precursor.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition includes forming the layer of zirconium oxide using a zirconium halide precursor.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein forming a layer of zirconium oxide by atomic layer deposition includes forming the layer of zirconium oxide using a zirconium halide precursor.