Envelope gene-deficient Paramyxovirus vector
F gene-deficient virus virions are successfully recovered by using an F gene-deficient Sendai virus genomic cDNA. Further, F gene-deficient infectious viral particles are successfully constructed by using F-expressing cells as helper cells. Also, F gene and HN gene-deficient virus virions are successfully recovered by using a virus genomic cDNA deficient in both F gene and HN gene. Further, F gene and HN gene-deficient infectious viral particles are successfully produced by using F- and HN-expressing cells as helper cells. A virus deficient in F gene and HN gene and having F protein is constructed by using F-expressing cells as helper cells. In addition, M gene-deficient infectious virus particles were produced using helper cells expressing M protein. From cells infected with M gene-deficient viruses, release of virus-like particles was inhibited. Further, a VSV-G pseudo type virus is successfully constructed by using VSV-G-expressing cells. Techniques for constructing these deficient viruses contribute to the development of vectors of Paramyxoviridae usable in gene therapy.
1. A Sendai virus particle comprising a complex comprising (a) a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, and (b) NP, P, and L proteins, wherein the Sendai virus particle, after introduction into a cell, is capable of replicating said RNA, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells.
2. The Sendai virus particle according to claim 1 , wherein the negative-strand single-stranded RNA expresses M protein.
3. The Sendai virus particle according to claim 1 , comprising F and HN proteins.
4. The Sendai virus particle according to claim 1 , comprising VSV-G protein.
5. The Sendai virus particle according to claim 1 , wherein the negative-strand single-stranded RNA further encodes an exogenous gene.
6. A DNA encoding (i) negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, or (ii) the complementary strand of the RNA, wherein a complex comprising the RNA and NP, P, and L proteins, after introduction into a cell, is capable of replicating said RNA, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells.
7. A method for producing virus particles which, after introduction into a cell, are capable of replicating a negative-strand single-stranded RNA comprised in the virus particles, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells, comprising the following steps of:
(a) expressing a DNA encoding (i) a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, or (ii) the complementary strand of the RNA, by introducing into cells expressing at least one envelope protein,
(b) culturing said cells, and
(c) recovering virus particles from the culture supernatant.
8. A method for producing virus particles which, after introduction into a cell, are capable of replicating a negative-strand single-stranded RNA comprised in the virus particles, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells, comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing a complex comprising a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, and NP, P, and L proteins, into cells expressing at least one envelope protein,
(b) culturing said cells, and
(c) recovering virus particles from the culture supernatant.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8 , further comprising co-culturing the cells with cells expressing at least the envelope protein.
10. The method of claim 7 or 8 , wherein the cell culture is carried out at 35° C. or less.
11. The method according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the cells express F and/or HN proteins so that the recovered virus particles comprise F and HN proteins.
12. The method according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the cells express VSV-G protein.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the co-culture is an overlaying culture.
14. A cell comprising a Sendai virus comprising a complex comprising:
(a) a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, and
(b) NP, P, and L proteins, wherein the Sendai virus in the cell is capable of replicating said RNA, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells.
15. A ribonucleoprotein complex comprising:
(a) a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, and
(b) NP, P, and L proteins, wherein the complex, after introduction into a cell, is capable of replicating said RNA, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells.
16. A cell comprising a ribonucleoprotem complex comprising:
(a) a negative-strand single-stranded RNA expressing NP, P, and L proteins and modified not to express at least one of F and HN proteins, wherein the RNA is derived from a Sendai virus, and
(b) NP, P, and L proteins, wherein the complex in the cell is capable of replicating said RNA, but incapable of releasing infective viral particles and propagating to adjacent cells.