Solution and process for improving the solderability of a metal surface
The invention is directed to a solution and process for improving the solderability of a metal surface. In one embodiment, the invention is a silver deposit solution comprising an acid, a source of silver ions, and an additive selected from among pyrroles, triazoles, and tetrazoles, as well as derivatives and mixtures of those components. In another embodiment, the silver deposit solution also includes a 6-membered heterocyclic ring compound, wherein three members of the 6-membered heterocyclic ring are nitrogen atoms. Still another embodiment is a process for improving the solderability of a metal surface which involves applying a silver deposit solution as previously described to a metal surface.
1. A silver deposit solution comprising:
an acid;
a source of silver ions;
an additive selected from the group consisting of pyrroles, triazoles, tetrazoles, and mixtures of any of the foregoing; and, 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one.
2. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, formic, sulfamic, hydroxyl-acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid and mixtures thereof.
3. The silver deposit solution of claim 2 , wherein said acid is nitric acid.
4. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said silver deposit solution has a pH less than 3.
5. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said silver deposit solution has a pH less than 2.
6. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said acid is present in said solution between about 0.005% and about 10% by weight.
7. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said acid is present in said solution between about 1% and about 3% by weight.
8. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said source of silver ions is selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate, silver chloride, silver oxide, silver iodide, silver sulfide, silver cyanide, silver hyposulphite, silver sulphate, silver nitrite and mixtures thereof.
9. The silver deposit solution of claim 8 , wherein said source of silver ions is silver nitrate.
10. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said source of silver ions is present in said solution between about 0.01 and about 10 grams per liter.
11. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 wherein said source of silver ions is present in said solution between about 0.75 and about 2 grams per liter.
12. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of pyrroles.
13. The silver deposit solution of claim 12 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole, 2-ethylpyrrole, 1-methyl-2-pyrroleacetonitrile, indole, 4-nitroindole, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
14. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of triazoles.
15. The silver deposit solution of claim 14 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of benzotriazoles, tolytriazoles, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
16. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of tetrazoles.
17. The silver deposit solution of claim 16 , wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of 1 H-tetrazole, 5-amimotetrazole monohydrate, 5-phenyl-1 H-tetrazole and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
18. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said additive is present in said solution between about 0.05 and about 4 grams per liter.
19. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said additive is present in said solution between about 0.3 and about 1.5 grams per liter.
20. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said solution is essentially free of a complexing agent that is not benzotriazin-4(3H)-one, a pyrrole, triazole, tetrazole, or mixture of any of the foregoing.
21. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one is present in said solution in a ratio of about 1 g/L per 10 g/L of said additive in said solution.
22. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , wherein said 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one is present in said solution in a ratio of about 1 g/L per 1 g/L of said additive in said solution.
23. The silver deposit solution of claim 1 , further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, an oxidizer, a wetting agent, a silver stabilizer, a dye, and a complexing agent.