Target and base station for a navigation system

1. A target comprising:

a transceiver for transmitting and receiving signals;

a central processing unit for performing operations;

a power source for powering the transceiver and the central processing unit; and

software executed by the central processing unit for diagnosing and managing the target, and for calculating position of the target using range measurements to and between a plurality of base stations; wherein the plurality of base stations is initialized to determine their relative locations to each other wherein, during initializing, a first base station of the plurality of base stations sends an ultra wideband signal to a second base station and a third base station of the plurality of base stations to determine a distance between the first base station and the second base station and a distance between the first base station and the third base station and wherein the second base station sends an ultra wideband signal to the third base station to determine a distance between the second base station and the third base station;

wherein the target determines range measurements by measuring the time of arrival or the time difference of arrival of the signals from the plurality of base stations, and the target calculates directly the location of the target relative to the plurality of base stations.

2. The target of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver, the central processing unit, and the power source are contained within a same housing.

3. The target of claim 1 , further comprising a global positioning system receiver for determining the location of the target.

4. The target of claim 1 , wherein the target communicates data using the transceiver.

5. The target of claim 4 , wherein the data contains range measurements.

6. The target of claim 1 , comprising an algorithm for determining accuracy of the target's position in relation to the plurality of base stations.

7. The target of claim 1 , using an explicit closed-form triangulation calculation to determine the location of the target.

8. A target comprising:

a transceiver for transmitting and receiving signals;

a central processing unit for performing operations;

a power source for powering the transceiver and the central processing unit;

software executed by the central processing unit for diagnosing and managing the target, and for determining range measurements to and between a plurality of base stations; wherein the plurality of base stations is initialized to determine their relative locations to each other wherein, during initializing, a first base station of the plurality of base stations sends a ultra wideband signal to a second base station and a third base station of the plurality of base stations to determine a distance between the first base station and the second base station and a distance between the first base station and the third base station and wherein the second base station sends an ultra wideband signal to the third base station to determine a distance between the second base station and the third base station;

wherein the target determines the range measurements by measuring the time of arrival or the time difference of arrival of the signals from the plurality of base stations, and the target transmits the range measurements to at least one of the plurality of base stations or another target.

9. The target of claim 8 , wherein the transceiver, the central processing unit, and the power source are contained within a same housing.

10. The target of claim 8 , further comprising a global positioning system receiver for determining the location of the target.

11. The target of claim 8 , wherein the target communicates data using the transceiver.

12. The target of claim 11 , wherein the data contains range measurements.

13. The target of claim 8 , comprising an algorithm for determining accuracy of the target's position in relation to the plurality of base stations.

14. A base station comprising:

a transceiver for transmitting and receiving signals;

a central processing unit for performing operations;

a power source for powering the transceiver and the central processing unit; and

software executed by the central processing unit for diagnosing and managing the base station; wherein the base station transmits range measurements to one of a plurality of base stations or one or more targets, wherein the plurality of base stations is initialized to determine their relative locations to each other wherein, during initializing, the base station sends a signal to a second base station and a third base station of the plurality of base stations to determine a distance between the base station and the second base station and a distance between the base station and the third base station and wherein the second base station sends a signal to the third base station to determine a distance between the second base station and the third base station;

further wherein the base station determines the range measurements by measuring the time of arrival or the time difference of arrival of signals from one or more of the targets or the plurality of base stations, and the base station transmits the range measurement to a requesting base station or target.

15. The base station of claim 14 , wherein the transceiver, the central processing unit, and the power source are contained within a same housing.

16. The base station of claim 14 , further comprising a global positioning system receiver for determining the location of the base station.

17. The base station of claim 14 , wherein the base station communicates data using the transceiver.

18. The target of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is an ultra wide band transceiver.

19. The target of claim 8 , wherein the transceiver is an ultra wide band transceiver.

20. The base station of claim 14 , wherein the transceiver is an ultra wide band transceiver.