Integrated charge air heat exchanger
An integrated charge air heat exchanger for use in a vehicle fuel cell system is provided. The integrated charge air heat exchanger includes a plurality of coolant conduits adapted for a coolant fluid to flow therethrough. The integrated charge air heat exchanger further includes a plurality of heating elements and a plurality of fin elements. One heating element is disposed on a first surface of each of the coolant conduits, and one of the fin elements is disposed on a second surface of each of the coolant conduits. A method for heating the coolant fluid in a first operational mode and cooling a charge air stream in a second operational mode is also provided.
1. An integrated charge air heat exchanger for a fuel cell stack, comprising:
a plurality of coolant conduits adapted for a coolant fluid to flow therethrough, each of the coolant conduits having a first surface and a second surface;
a plurality of heating elements, one of the heating elements disposed on the first surface of each of the coolant conduits and adapted to transfer heat to the coolant fluid;
a plurality of fin elements adapted for an air stream to flow therearound, one of the fin elements disposed on the second surface of each of the cooling conduits and adapted to facilitate heat transfer between the air stream and the coolant fluid; and
a busbar having a plurality of fingers adapted to provide an isolated electrical communication between an electrical power source and the heating elements, each of the fingers abutting and in electrical communication with one of the heating elements, the busbar disposed adjacent each of the plurality of coolant conduits; and
an insulating material disposed on the busbar to electrically insulate the busbar from the plurality of coolant conduits.
2. The integrated charge air heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the heating element is a self-regulating, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element.
3. The integrated charge air heat exchanger of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first header and a second header having the plurality of coolant conduits disposed therebetween, the first and second headers in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant conduits and electrically isolating each of the plurality of coolant conduits from one another.
4. The integrated charge air heat exchanger of claim 3 , further comprising:
a seal disposed on at least one of the first and the second headers and providing a substantially fluid tight seal between the coolant conduits and the at least one header.
5. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 4 , wherein the seal is a header gasket.
6. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 3 , further comprising:
a first side channel and a second side channel mounted between the first header and the second header; and
a plurality of compression springs disposed between one of the fin elements and one of the first and the second side channels, the plurality of compression springs providing a positive contact between the plurality of fin elements, the plurality of coolant conduits, and the plurality of heating elements to facilitate the heat transfer to the coolant fluid.
7. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 1 , wherein the fin element is bonded to the coolant conduit.
8. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 1 , further including at least one bypass conduit substantially thermally insulated from the plurality of heating elements and the plurality of fin elements.
9. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the coolant conduit has a channel formed therein adapted to retain the heating elements.
10. The integrated charge air heat exchanger unit according to claim 9 , further comprising a retainer disposed in the channel of the coolant conduit and having a locking tab formed thereon adapted to retain the heating elements.
11. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell stack;
an integrated charge air heat exchanger unit in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack, the unit including:
a plurality of coolant conduit adapted for a coolant fluid to flow therethrough, one of the coolant conduit having a first surface and a second surface,
a plurality of heating elements, one of the heating elements disposed on the first surface of each of the coolant conduits and adapted to transfer heat to the coolant fluid,
a plurality of fin elements adapted for an air stream to flow therearound, one of the fin elements disposed on the second surface of each of the coolant conduits and adapted to transfer heat from the air stream to the coolant fluid,
a busbar having a plurality of fingers, each of the fingers abutting and in electrical communication with one of the heating elements, the busbar disposed adjacent each of the plurality of coolant conduits, and
an insulating material disposed on the busbar to electrically insulate the busbar from the plurality of coolant conduits; and
an electrical power source in electrical communication with the plurality of heating elements via the plurality of fingers of the busbar.
12. The fuel cell system according to claim 11 , further comprising:
a coolant fluid pump in fluid communication with the plurality of coolant conduits and adapted to provide the coolant fluid to the integrated charge air heat exchanger and the fuel cell stack.
13. The fuel cell system according to claim 11 , wherein the plurality of heating elements are adapted to operate within a predetermined temperature range and to switch off when a predetermined maximum temperature is reached.
14. The fuel cell system according to claim 11 , wherein the plurality of fin elements are in fluid communication with an air compressor adapted to provide the air stream thereto.
15. The fuel cell system according to claim 11 , further comprising:
an end unit housing having a humidification unit and the integrated charge air heat exchanger unit disposed therein, the end unit housing having at least one coolant cavity formed therein in communication with plurality of coolant conduits and adapted to one of deliver the coolant fluid to the coolant conduits and deliver the coolant fluid from the coolant conduits to the fuel cell stack.
16. A method for regulating a temperature of a fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of:
providing an integrated charge air heat exchanger unit in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack, the unit including a plurality of coolant conduit adapted for a coolant fluid to flow therethrough, one of the coolant conduit having a first surface and a second surface, a plurality of heating elements, one of the heating elements disposed on the first surface of each of the coolant conduits and adapted to transfer heat to the coolant fluid, a plurality of fin elements adapted for an air stream to flow therearound, one of the fin elements disposed on the second surface of each of the coolant conduits and adapted to transfer heat from the air stream to the coolant fluid, a busbar having a plurality of fingers, each of the fingers abutting and in electrical communication with one of the heating elements, the busbar disposed adjacent each of the plurality of coolant conduits, and an insulating material disposed on the busbar to electrically insulate the busbar from the plurality of coolant conduits, and an electrical power source in electrical communication with the plurality of heating elements via the plurality of fingers of the busbar;
starting the fuel cell stack;
supplying the coolant fluid to the fuel cell stack through the coolant conduit; and
maintaining a coolant fluid temperature within a desired range by one of heating the coolant fluid using the heating element and heating the coolant fluid using a charge air stream flowing around the fin element.
17. A method for regulating a temperature of a fuel cell stack according to claim 16 , further comprising the step of:
supplying an electrical power to the heating element disposed on a coolant conduit of the integrated charge air heat exchanger unit, thereby electrically heating the coolant fluid flowing therethrough.
18. A method for regulating a temperature of a fuel cell stack according to claim 16 , further comprising the steps of:
cooling the charge air stream by transfer heat therefrom to the coolant fluid; and
directing the cooled charge air stream to the fuel cell stack for an electrochemical fuel cell reaction.