Intermodulation mitigation technique in an RFID system
When multiple readers for RF transponders have to be placed in close proximity, such as in adjacent lanes of a highway toll barrier, they can be set to operate at different frequencies. When signals from two adjacent ones of the readers interfere, the resulting signal includes interference terms whose frequencies equal the sum of the reader frequencies and the difference between the reader frequencies. To remove such interference terms while passing the desired terms, a tag includes a low-pass or other frequency-selective filter.
1. A transponder for receiving an interrogation signal from a first reader at a first frequency and sending a response signal from the transponder at a third frequency, while mitigating interference effects from interfering signals from a plurality of second readers at at least one second frequency, the transponder comprising:
an antenna for receiving the interrogation signal from the first reader and the interfering signals from the plurality of second readers;
a detector in communication with the antenna, said detector detecting the interrogation signal and outputting a baseband analog signal representing the interrogation signal;
a frequency-selective filter that reduces interference from the plurality of second readers and outputs an analog signal having a desired modulation; and
a signal processor in communication with the frequency-selective filter to receive the analog signal, said signal processor processing the analog signal to extract information from the analog signal.
2. The transponder of claim 1 , wherein the frequency-selective filter comprises an input, an output, a resistor coupled between the input and the output, and a capacitor coupled between the output and a ground.
3. The transponder of claim 1 , wherein the signal processor comprises:
a limiter for receiving the analog signal from the frequency-selective filter and generating a digital signal; and
a baseband decoder for receiving the digital signal from the limiter.
4. A transponder for receiving an interrogation signal from a first reader at a first frequency and sending a response signal from the transponder at the first frequency, while mitigating interference effects from interfering signals from a plurality of second readers at at least one second frequency, the transponder comprising:
an antenna for receiving the interrogation signal from the first reader and the interfering signals from the plurality of second readers;
a detector in communication with the antenna, said detector detecting the interrogation signal and the interfering signals and outputting a baseband analog signal representing the interrogation signal, the interfering signals, and a combination of the interrogation signal and the interfering signals;
a frequency-selective filter that receives the baseband analog signal output by the detector, reduces interference from the plurality of second readers and outputs an analog signal; and
a signal processor in communication with the frequency-selective filter to receive the analog signal output by the frequency-selective filter, said signal processor processing the analog signal output by the frequency-selective filter to extract information from the analog signal output by the frequency-selective filter.
5. The transponder of claim 4 , wherein the signal processor comprises:
a limiter for receiving the analog signal from the frequency-selective filter and generating a digital signal; and
a baseband decoder for receiving the digital signal from the limiter.
6. A transponder for receiving an interrogation signal from a first reader at a first frequency and sending a response signal from the transponder at a third frequency, while mitigating interference effects from interfering signals from a plurality of second readers at at least one second frequency, the transponder comprising:
an antenna for receiving the interrogation signal from the first reader and the interfering signals from the plurality of second readers;
a detector in communication with the antenna, said detector detecting the interrogation signal and the interfering signals and outputting a baseband analog signal representing the interrogation signal, the interfering signal, and a combination of the interrogation signal and the interfering signals;
a frequency-selective filter filtering the baseband analog signal to output an analog signal, wherein the interfering signals are reduced; and
a signal processor in communication with the frequency-selective filter to receive the analog signal output by the frequency-selective filter, said signal processor processing the analog signal with the reduced interference to extract information from the analog signal output by the frequency-selective filter.
7. The transponder of claim 6 , wherein the signal processor comprises:
a limiter for receiving the analog signal from the frequency-selective filter and generating a digital signal; and
a baseband decoder for receiving the digital signal from the limiter.