Irritation-reducing ocular iontophoresis device
The invention provides an ocular iontophoresis device for delivering medication, the device comprising a medication reservoir suitable for being positioned on the eye, at least one medication in solution in the reservoir, an active electrode disposed in the reservoir, and a passive electrode, the device including at least one medication dissolved in non-saline water, the said solution having a pH lying in the range 6.5 to 8.5, the medication having a pKa lying in the range about 5.5 to about 9.5 and includes an active principle which is associated with an additive, such as a dendrimer, a polymer, a nanoparticle, a microsphere, a liposome, or an emulsion, and having an ionic form of valency greater than or equal to 1.
1. An ocular iontophoresis device for delivering medication to an eye, comprising;
a reservoir, the reservoir having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end comprising a flexible lip configured to engage the eye for delivery of the medication;
an active electrode disposed in close proximity to the distal end of the reservoir, the active electrode is curved having an inside radius of curvature close to the radius of curvature of a cornea of the eye; and
a medication stored in the reservoir.
2. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 1 , the active electrode comprising:
an electrically conductive layer; and
a protective layer coupled to the electrically conductive layer, the protective layer reacting significantly less than the conductive layer during iontophoretic delivery of the medication.
3. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 2 , wherein the medication is stored between the protective layer and the proximal end of the reservoir.
4. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 2 , wherein the protective layer comprising:
a material that erodes little or not at all during iontophoretic delivery of the medication and is sufficiently conductive to avoid excessively reducing the application of an electric field delivered by the conductive layer.
5. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 4 , wherein the material comprising:
at least one of a polyacetyline, a polyaniline, a polypyrrole, a polyphenylene, a polythiophene, a polymer filled with carbon black, a carbon fiber, a graphite, and a diamond-like carbon.
6. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 2 , wherein the protective layer substantially covers the electrically conductive layer.
7. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 1 , wherein the active electrode is positioned or formed on the distal end of the reservoir.
8. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 1 , wherein the medication is comprised in a gel or a solution.
9. The ocular iontophoresis device of claim 1 , wherein the further comprising a reinforced member coupled to opposite side of the distal end of the reservoir.