Methods for treating neural cell swelling
A composition comprising a novel Ca 2+ -activated, [ATP] i -sensitive nonspecific cation (NC Ca-ATP ) channel is described. The channel is found in mammalian neural cells and exhibits a different sensitivity to block by various adenine nucleotides, and is activated by submicromolar [Ca] i . The NC Ca-ATP channel is activated under conditions of ATP depletion, which causes severe cell depolarization, followed by cell swelling. The NC Ca-ATP channel is regulated by a sulfonylurea receptor and is inhibited by sulfonylurea compounds glibenclamide and tolbutamide. Methods employing compositions comprising the NC Ca-ATP channel to screen for compounds that block the channel and the use of such antagonists as therapeutics in preventing brain swelling and damage are described. In addition, methods employing compositions comprising the Kir2.3 channel to screen for compounds that open the channel and the use of such antagonists as therapeutics in preventing brain swelling and damage are described.
1. A method of treating a subject for central or peripheral nervous system damage, said damage comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising administering to the subject a formulation comprising an effective amount of a compound effective to inhibit the activity of a NC Ca-ATP channel in a neural cell and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the compound is a sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) antagonist selected from a sulfonylurea compound, a benzamido derivative, an imidazoline derivative, and a combination thereof, wherein said administration of the SUR1 antagonist inhibits the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, wherein the subject to which the SUR1 antagonist is administered has central or peripheral nervous system damage comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling, thereby treating said central or peripheral nervous system damage.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the central or peripheral nervous system damage comprises traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, or bleeding in the brain.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the central nervous system damage comprises traumatic brain injury.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intracutaneous, intragastric, or directly into the brain.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SUR1 antagonist is glibenclamide, tolbutamide, repaglinide, nateglinide, meglitinide, LY397364, LY389382, gliclazide, glimepiride, or combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a dose of glibenclamide that is administered to the subject is between about 0.5 milligrams and 150 milligrams.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SUR1 antagonist is glibenclamide.
8. A method of treating a subject for central or peripheral nervous system damage, said damage comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising determining an effective dose of a formulation to be administered to the subject, wherein said formulation comprises an effective dose of a compound effective to inhibit the activity of a NC Ca-ATP channel in a neural cell and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and administering said formulation to the subject, wherein the compound is a sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) antagonist selected from a sulfonylurea compound, a benzamido derivative, LY397364, LY389382, and a combination thereof, wherein said administration of the SUR1 antagonist inhibits the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, thereby treating said central or peripheral nervous system damage, wherein the subject to which the SUR1 antagonist is administered has central or peripheral nervous system damage comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the central or peripheral nervous system damage comprises traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, or bleeding in the brain.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said formulation is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, intragastricly, or directly into the brain.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein said formulation is administered orally.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SUR1 antagonist is glibenclamide, tolbutamide, repaglinide, nateglinide, meglitinide, LY397364, LY389382, gliclazide, glimepiride, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SUR1 antagonist is glibenclamide.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a dose of glibenclamide that is administered to the subject is between about 0.5 milligrams and 150 milligrams.
15. A method of treating a subject having traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, said injury or ischemia comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising administering to the subject a formulation comprising an effective amount of glibenclamide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said formulation is administered intravenously, wherein said administration of the glibenclamide inhibits the activity of the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, thereby treating said traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, wherein the subject to which the formulation is administered has traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling.
16. A method of treating a subject having traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, said injury or ischemia comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising determining an effective dose of a formulation to be administered to the subject, wherein said formulation comprises an effective dose of glibenclamide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and administering said formulation to the subject, wherein said administration of the glibenclamide inhibits the activity of the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, thereby treating said traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, wherein the subject to which the formulation is administered has traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said formulation is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, intragastricly, or directly into the brain.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said formulation is administered orally.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said formulation is administered intravenously.
20. A method of treating a subject having traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, said injury or ischemia comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising determining an effective dose of a formulation to be administered to the subject, wherein said formulation comprises an effective dose of glibenclamide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and administering intravenously said formulation to the subject, wherein said administration of the glibenclamide inhibits the activity of the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, thereby treating said traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia, wherein the subject to which the formulation is administered has traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischemia comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling.
21. A method of treating a subject for central or peripheral nervous system damage, said damage comprising expression of a NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells, said method comprising administering to the subject a formulation comprising an effective amount of a compound effective to inhibit a NC Ca-ATP channel in a neural cell and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the compound is a sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) antagonist is selected from a sulfonylurea compound, a benzamido derivative, LY397364, LY389382, and a combination thereof, wherein said administration of the formulation inhibits the activity of the NC Ca-ATP channel in neural cells expressing the channel, thereby treating said central or peripheral nervous system damage, wherein the subject to which the formulation is administered has central or peripheral nervous system damage comprising neural cell swelling, and wherein the method inhibits said neural cell swelling.