Decreasing potential iatrogenic risks associated with vaccines and vaccine antigens
Influenza viruses for use in preparing human vaccines have traditionally been grown on embryonated hen eggs, although more modern techniques grow the virus in mammalian cell culture e.g. on Vero, MDCK or PER.C6 cell lines. The inventor has realised that the conditions used for influenza virus culture can increase the risk that pathogens other than influenza virus may grow in the cell lines and have identified specific contamination risks. Suitable tests can thus be performed during manufacture in order to ensure safety and avoid iatrogenic infections.
1. A process for preparing a vaccine or a vaccine antigen from a culture of a Vero cell line, comprising (i) testing for the presence of a Circoviridae (a) during manufacture of the vaccine or the vaccine antigen, and/or (b) in a seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof, and (ii) formulating the vaccine or the vaccine antigen manufactured from the culture of the Vero cell line, wherein the testing is performed before, during and/or after the formulating.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein testing is performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein testing is performed at one of the following stages of manufacture: infection, growth stages, harvest, processing, surface protein extraction, vaccine formulation, and vaccine packaging.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Circoviridae is a porcine circovirus.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein testing is performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein porcine trypsin used during manufacture is tested for the presence of porcine circovirus.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Circoviridae is an avian circovirus.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein testing is performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.
9. A process for preparing a vaccine or a vaccine antigen from a culture of a Vero cell line, comprising formulating the vaccine or the vaccine antigen manufactured from the culture of the Vero cell line, wherein testing for the presence of a Circoviridae was performed (a) during manufacture of the vaccine or the vaccine antigen, and/or (b) on a seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof, and the testing was performed before or during the formulating.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein testing was performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein testing was performed by immunochemical detection and/or nucleic acid detection.
12. The process of claim 9 , wherein testing was performed at one of the following stages: infection, growth stages, harvest, processing, splitting, surface protein extraction, and vaccine formulation.
13. The process of claim 10 , wherein the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof was/were tested for the presence of an additional adventitious pathogen.
14. The process of claim 9 , wherein the Circoviridae is a porcine circovirus.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein testing was performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein testing was performed by immunochemical detection and/or nucleic acid detection.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the immunochemical detection, if used, was by ELISA and the nucleic acid detection, if used, was performed by PCR (including RT-PCR).
18. The process of claim 14 , wherein testing was performed at one of the following stages: infection, growth stages, harvest, processing, surface protein extraction, and vaccine formulation.
19. The process of claim 15 , wherein the seed was tested for the presence of the porcine circovirus.
20. The process of claim 15 , wherein the vaccine was tested for the presence of the porcine circovirus.
21. The process of claim 15 , wherein the culture was tested for the presence of the porcine circovirus.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the culture tested was (i) the culture itself, (ii) material extracted from the culture, or (iii) the harvest.
23. The process of claim 14 , wherein porcine trypsin used during manufacture was tested for the presence of porcine circovirus.
24. The process of claim 9 , wherein the Circoviridae is an avian circovirus.
25. The process of claim 24 , wherein testing was performed on the seed, the vaccine, the culture, or combinations thereof.