Miniature MEMS actuator assemblies
In one embodiment, an electrostatic actuator includes a generally planar fixed frame, a generally planar moving frame coupled to the fixed frame by a flexure for substantially coplanar, perpendicular movement relative to the fixed frame, a plurality of interdigitated teeth, a fixed portion of which is attached to the fixed frame and a moving portion of which is attached to the moving frame, and an elongated output shaft having opposite input and output ends, the input end being coupled to the moving frame.
1. An electrostatic actuator, comprising:
a generally planar fixed frame;
a generally planar moving frame coupled to the fixed frame by a flexure for substantially coplanar, perpendicular movement relative to the fixed frame;
a plurality of interdigitated teeth, a fixed portion of which is attached to the fixed frame and a moving portion of which is attached to the moving frame;
an elongated output shaft having opposite input and output ends, the input end being coupled to the moving frame.
2. The actuator of claim 1 , further comprising an output coupler coupled to the output end of the output shaft.
3. The actuator of claim 2 , wherein the input end of the output shaft is coupled to the moving frame by a first monopod flexure and the output end of the output shaft is coupled to the output coupler by a second monopod flexure.
4. The actuator of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first and second monopod flexures comprises:
a first hinge that is stiffer in a direction normal to the actuator than it is in a direction parallel to the actuator, and
a second hinge coupled to an end of the first hinge, the second hinge being more flexible in a direction normal to the actuator than it is in a direction parallel to the actuator.
5. The actuator of claim 4 , wherein the first hinge comprises a plurality of corrugations and the second hinge is U-shaped.
6. The actuator of claim 3 , wherein the fixed frame, moving frame, interdigitated teeth output shaft and monopod flexures are formed as a single piece from a silicon wafer using photolithographic techniques.
7. An actuator assembly, comprising:
a flexible substrate having a central portion and at least one arm radiating outward therefrom; and
at least one actuator in accordance with claim 3 mounted on the at least one arm.
8. A lens barrel assembly or a miniature camera module incorporating the actuator assembly of claim 7 .
9. The actuator of claim 1 , further comprising a mechanism for urging the moving frame to and holding it at a deployed position that is coplanar with, parallel to and spaced apart from the fixed frame at a selected distance.
10. An electrostatic actuator device, comprising:
an L-shaped support frame having an upright leg and a lateral leg extending perpendicularly therefrom;
an output coupler; and
a pair of the actuators of claim 1 , wherein
the output ends of the output shafts of the actuators are coupled to the output coupler,
the fixed frame of a first one of the actuators is attached to the upright leg such that the output shaft of the first actuator moves the output coupler rectilinearly and in a first direction, and
the fixed frame of a second one of the actuators is attached to the lateral leg such that the output shaft of the second actuator moves the output coupler rectilinearly and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
11. The actuator device of claim 10 , wherein
the input end of the output shaft of at least one of the actuators is coupled to the moving frame of the at least one actuator with a first monopod flexure, and
the output end of the output shaft of the at least one actuator is coupled to the output coupler with a second monopod flexure.
12. An actuator assembly, comprising:
a substrate having a central portion and at least one arm radiating outward therefrom, the at least one arm being separated from the central portion by a fold line about which the at least one arm can be folded relative to the central portion; and
at least one actuator device in accordance with claim 10 mounted on the at least one arm.
13. A lens barrel assembly or a miniature camera module incorporating the actuator assembly of claim 12 .
14. A lens barrel assembly, comprising:
a lens barrel having a plurality of flats distributed around a circumferential surface thereof and a central lumen containing at least one lens fixed concentrically therein;
an actuator assembly, including:
a flexible substrate having a central portion containing a central aperture and a plurality of arms radiating outwardly therefrom; and
a plurality of one-degree-of-freedom (one-DOF) actuators, each actuator being mounted on a corresponding one of the arms of the substrate such that the actuator is spaced above the arm and electrically connected to conductive traces disposed on or within the arm, each actuator including an elongated output shaft having an output end with an output coupler disposed thereon; and
a lens mounting platform containing a central aperture and having a plurality of arms extending tangentially therefrom, wherein
the central portion of the substrate is disposed over an upper end of the lens barrel,
each of the arms of the substrate is folded down below the upper end of the lens barrel and attached to a corresponding one of the flats thereon,
upper surfaces of respective ones of the output couplers of the actuators define a plane above the upper end of the lens barrel, and
each of the tangential arms of the lens mounting platform is attached to the upper surface of the output coupler of a corresponding one of the actuators.
15. The lens barrel assembly of claim 14 , wherein the lens barrel is generally cylindrical or frusto-conical in shape.
16. The lens barrel assembly of claim 14 , wherein the lens barrel is frusto-conical in shape and further comprising a second actuator assembly disposed concentrically over and spaced apart from the first actuator assembly.
17. A miniature camera module, comprising:
the lens barrel assembly of claim 14 , and
an image sensor disposed in a base of the lens barrel.
18. A miniature camera module, comprising:
the lens barrel assembly of claim 14 , and
an image sensor disposed in a base of the lens barrel.
19. A lens barrel assembly, comprising:
a lens barrel having a plurality of flats distributed around a circumferential surface thereof and a central lumen containing at least one lens fixed concentrically therein;
an actuator assembly, including:
a flexible substrate having a central portion containing a central aperture and a plurality of arms radiating outwardly therefrom; and
a plurality of two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) actuators, each actuator being mounted on a corresponding one of the arms of the substrate, each actuator including a pair of elongated output shafts having respective output ends coupled to an output coupler; and
a lens mounting platform containing a central aperture and having a plurality of arms extending tangentially therefrom, wherein
the central portion of the substrate is disposed over an upper end of the lens barrel,
each of the arms of the substrate is folded down below the upper end of the lens barrel and disposed on a corresponding one of the flats thereon,
upper surfaces of respective ones of the output couplers of the actuators define a plane above the upper end of the lens barrel, and
each of the tangential arms of the lens mounting platform is attached to the upper surface of the output coupler of a corresponding one of the actuators.
20. The lens barrel assembly of claim 19 , further comprising a protective cover disposed concentrically over the lens barrel assembly.