Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder, a piston defining a piston top, a cylinder head with an intake port and an exhaust port, and a corresponding intake valve and an exhaust valve. The internal combustion engine further includes an intake manifold for supplying air to the combustion chamber and an exhaust manifold for drawing exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. The flow dynamics of the internal combustion engine are improved by including textured surfaces on one or more of the piston top, the cylinder head, the intake valve, the intake port, the exhaust valve, the intake manifold, the exhaust manifold, or the fuel supplier. The textured surface may include indentations, protrusions, or combinations.
1. An internal combustion engine comprising:
at least one cylinder;
at least one piston received in the at least one cylinder;
at least one cylinder head coupled to the at least one cylinder defining at least one intake port and at least one exhaust port;
a combustion chamber defined by the at least one cylinder head and a top of the at least one piston;
at least one intake valve corresponding to the at least one intake port;
at least one exhaust valve corresponding to the at least one exhaust port;
an intake manifold adapted to supply air to the combustion chamber;
a fuel supplier comprising one or more fuel injectors or one or more carburetors adapted to supply fuel to the combustion chamber; and
an exhaust manifold adapted to direct a flow of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber, wherein
at least one of the at least one cylinder head, the at least one intake valve, or the at least one exhaust valve includes a surface comprising a plurality of surface features arranged in a matrix pattern, wherein a center of each one of the plurality of surface features on the surface is spaced apart from a center of another one of the plurality of surface features on the surface.
2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein the surface features are selected from the group consisting of indentations, protrusions, and combinations thereof.
3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the surface features are substantially the same size.
4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein the matrix pattern is a rectilinear grid.
5. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein the matrix pattern is a contoured grid.
6. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein the surface features are selected from the group consisting of dimples, prismatic shapes, pyramidal shapes, polyhedral shapes, conical shapes, portions of such shapes, and combinations thereof.
7. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the surface features have an average width of about 1.5 to about 9.5 mm, and an average depth or height of about 0.5 to about 6.5 mm.
8. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of grooves generally located about a perimeter of a squish band defined by the cylinder head.
9. The internal combustion engine of claim 8 , further comprising a plurality of surface features in each of the plurality of grooves.
10. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of helical grooves located at at least one of the intake port, the exhaust port, an interface between the intake manifold and the cylinder head, or an interface between the exhaust manifold and the cylinder head.
11. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , further comprising a plurality of surface features within the helical grooves.
12. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , further comprising a thermal barrier coating on a surface of at least one of the at least one cylinder, the at least one cylinder head, the at least one piston, the at least on intake valve, the at least one exhaust valve, the intake manifold, or the exhaust manifold.
13. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , further comprising an air pressure booster selected from a turbocharger and a supercharger.
14. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein the helical grooves have a pitch from approximately 15 degrees to approximately 50 degrees.
15. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein the helical grooves are u-shaped or v-shaped in cross-section.
16. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein spacing between adjacent ones of the plurality of helical grooves is from approximately 2.5 mm and approximately 12 mm.
17. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein a plurality of the helical grooves have an average depth from approximately 2.5 mm and approximately 7.5 mm.
18. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein the helical grooves are integral to at least one of the intake manifold, the exhaust manifold, or the cylinder head.
19. The internal combustion engine of claim 10 , wherein the helical grooves are defined in a removable insert.