Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A composition comprising an intermingled mixture of:
at least one estolide compound; and
a material selected from at least one of an elastomer or a rubber.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a rubber.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the material comprises an olefin rubber.
4. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the material comprises a diene rubber.
5. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the material is selected from one or more of a natural rubber, an isoprene rubber, a butadiene rubber, a butyl rubber, a polyethylene rubber, a polypropylene rubber, an acrylic rubber, a silicone rubber, and a urethane rubber.
6. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the material is selected from one or more of a 1,2-butadiene rubber, a styrene-butadiene rubber, an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, a chloroprene rubber, an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, an ethylene-propylene rubber, an ethylene-acrylic rubber, an ethylene-butene rubber, a chlorosulfonated polyethylene, a fluoro-rubber, an epichlorohydrin rubber, and a polysulfide rubber.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the material comprises an elastomer.
8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the material is selected from one or more of a polystyrene elastomeric polymer, a polyolefin elastomeric polymer, a polyvinyl chloride elastomeric polymer, a polyurethane elastomeric polymer, a polyester elastomeric polymer, and a polyamide elastomeric polymer, each of which is independently optionally hydrogenated.
9. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the material is selected from one or more of a styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene polymer, and a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene polymer.
10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one estolide compound is selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 12;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched;
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is independently optionally substituted.
11. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
12. The composition according to claim 11 , wherein x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15, and n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
13. The composition according to claim 11 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
14. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl.
16. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
17. The composition according to claim 16 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
18. An article comprising the composition according to claim 1 .
19. The article according to claim 18 , wherein the article is selected from cookware, storage ware, furniture, appliances, automotive components, boat components, toys, sportswear, medical devices, medical implants, containers, tubes, pipes, sporting equipment, electronics, wire jacketing, cable jacketing, crates, containers, packaging, labware, floor mats, instrumentation, liquid storage containers, bags, pouches, bottles, adhesives, shoe soles, gaskets, elastic fibers, and sealants.
20. The composition according to claim 16 , wherein x is selected from 7 and 8.
21. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein y is 0.
22. The composition according to claim 10 , further comprising a thermal stabilizer selected from at least one of an epoxy compound, a metallic stabilizer, a phosphite, a nitrogen-containing stabilizer, a polyol, a hydrotalcite, a zeolite, or a dawsonite.
23. The composition according to claim 22 , wherein the thermal stabilizer comprises a metal salt or an organometallic metal salt.
24. The composition according to claim 23 , wherein the thermal stabilizer comprises zinc oxide.