Non-metal anode alkali and alkaline-earth ion batteries with hexacyanometallate cathode
A battery structure is provided for making alkali ion and alkaline-earth ion batteries. The battery has a hexacyanometallate cathode, a non-metal anode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. A method is provided for forming the hexacyanometallate battery cathode and non-metal battery anode prior to the battery assembly. The cathode includes hexacyanometallate particles overlying a current collector. The hexacyanometallate particles have the chemical formula A′ n′ A m M1 x M2 y (CN) 6 , and have a Prussian Blue hexacyanometallate crystal structure.
1. A method for forming a non-metal battery anode, the method comprising:
providing a dried non-metal electrode powder;
mixing the dried non-metal electrode powder with a binder and an electronic conductor powder in a low boiling point solvent selected from a group consisting of amyl acetate, acetone, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP);
forming a paste;
coating a metal current collector with the paste, forming an anode;
drying the paste;
soaking the anode in a first organic electrolyte including a salt with metal ions;
accepting a first electric field in the electrolyte between the anode and a metal first counter electrode;
in response to the first electric field, forming a metal ion-containing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer overlying the anode;
subsequent to forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer, accepting a second electric field, opposite in polarity to the first electric field between the anode and the first counter electrode; and,
removing metal ions from the anode while maintaining the metal ion-containing SEI layer intact.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein soaking the anode in the first organic electrolyte includes the metal ions being selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Mg, and Ca; and,
wherein accepting the first electric field includes accepting the electrolyte between the anode and a first counter electrode with the selected metal ions.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer overlying the anode includes forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer with additional elements selected from a group consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and combinations of the above-mentioned elements.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein soaking the anode in the first organic electrolyte includes soaking in a first organic electrolyte with A cations selected from a group consisting of Na, Ka, Mg, and Ca;
wherein accepting the first electric field includes accepting the first electric field between the anode and a metal first counter electrode additional with the selected A cations; and,
wherein forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer includes additionally forming the anode from a composite with the selected A cations.
5. A method for forming a non-metal battery anode, the method comprising:
providing a non-metal anode soaked in an organic electrolyte including a salt with metal ions;
accepting a first electric field in the electrolyte between the anode and a metal first counter electrode;
in response to the first electric field, forming a metal ion-containing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer overlying the anode;
subsequent to forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer, accepting a second electric field, opposite in polarity to the first electric field between the anode and the first counter electrode; and,
removing metal ions from the anode while maintaining the metal ion-containing SEI layer intact.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein soaking the anode in the first organic electrolyte includes the metal ions being selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Mg, and Ca; and,
wherein accepting the first electric field includes accepting the electrolyte between the anode and a first counter electrode with the selected metal ions.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer overlying the anode includes forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer with additional elements selected from a group consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and combinations of the above-mentioned elements.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein soaking the anode in the first organic electrolyte includes soaking in a first organic electrolyte with A cations selected from a group consisting of Na, Ka, Mg, and Ca;
wherein accepting the first electric field includes accepting the first electric field between the anode and a metal first counter electrode additional with the selected A cations; and,
wherein forming the metal ion-containing SEI layer includes additionally forming the anode from a composite with the selected A cations.