Fuel cell system back-pressure control with a discrete valve
A fuel cell system that employs a two-position valve at the cathode exhaust gas output for controlling the pressure within the fuel cell stack to control the stack relative humidity. In one embodiment, the two-position valve is switchable between a fully open and a fully closed position, where the valve is opened when the fuel cell system is operating at a low operation temperature and the valve is closed when the fuel cell system is operating at a high operation temperature. A fixed restriction valve is provided in parallel with the two-position valve so that when the two-position valve is fully closed, the proper amount of pressure is provided at the cathode output. In another embodiment, the two-position valve employs sized leak paths so that when the two-position valve is in the closed position, the cathode exhaust gas can still flow through.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a compressor for generating a compressed air flow;
a fuel cell stack responsive to the compressed air flow and generating a cathode exhaust gas flow; and
a two-position valve responsive to the exhaust gas flow, wherein the valve is open if the operating temperature of the stack is below a predetermined temperature and the valve is closed if the operating temperature of the stack rises above the predetermined temperature so that the exhaust gas back-pressure increases to provide humidity control within the fuel cell stack.
2. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a fixed restriction valve in parallel with the two-position valve, said fixed restriction valve also being responsive to the exhaust gas flow, said fixed restriction valve providing a predetermined cathode exhaust gas back-pressure when the two-position valve is closed.
3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the two-position valve includes a leak path through the valve to allow the exhaust gas to flow therethrough when the two-position valve is closed.
4. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a controller, said controller controlling the position of the two-position valve in response to the operating temperature of the system.
5. The system according to claim 4 wherein the controller prevents rapid switching of the two-position valve.
6. system according to claim 1 wherein the two-position valve has a relatively slow transition time so as to prevent rapid changes between the open and closed position.
7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the two-position valve has about a 500 ms transition time.
8. The system according to claim 6 wherein the slow transition time is provided by one of a mechanical dash-pot or electrical control.
9. The system according to claim 1 wherein the fuel cell system is on a vehicle.
10. A fuel cell system comprising:
a compressor for generating a compressed air flow;
a fuel cell stack responsive to the compressed air flow and providing a cathode exhaust gas flow;
a two-position valve through which the cathode exhaust gas flows; and
a controller controlling the position of the two-position valve, said controller opening the valve to a fully opened position if the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack is below a predetermined temperature and closing the valve if the operating temperature of the stack rises above the predetermined temperature where the closed position of the valve still allows some flow of the cathode exhaust gas through the valve.
11. The system according to claim 10 wherein the controller prevents rapid switching of the two-position valve.
12. The system according to claim 10 wherein the two-position valve has a relatively slow transition time so as to prevent rapid changes between the open and closed position.
13. The system according to claim 10 wherein the slow transition time is provided by one of a mechanical dash-pot or electrical control.