Porous, electrically conductive fluid distribution plate for fuel cells
In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides an electrically conductive fluid distribution plate and a method of making, and system for using, the electrically conductive fluid distribution plate. In at least one embodiment, the plate comprises a plate body defining a set of fluid flow channels configured to distribute flow of a fluid across at least one side of the plate, and a polymeric porous conductive layer proximate the plate body, with the porous conductive layer having a porosity sufficient to result in a water contact angle of the surface of less than 40°.
1. An electrically conductive fluid distribution plate comprising:
a plate body defining a set of fluid flow channels configured to distribute flow of a fluid across at least one side of the plate, the plate body including a metallic sheet and a composite polymeric conductive coating, the polymeric conductive coating including electrically-conductive filler dispersed throughout a polymeric matrix and being oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant protective; and
a polymeric porous conductive layer proximate to the plate body, the porous conductive layer having a porosity sufficient to result in a water contact angle of a surface of less than 40°, wherein the polymeric porous conductive layer is different than the composite polymeric conductive coating.
2. The plate of claim 1 wherein the porous conductive layer comprises a porous conductive coating adhered to the plate body, the porous conductive coating having a porosity of at least 10%.
3. The plate of claim 2 wherein the coating has a pore density of at least 50 pores per cm of surface area of the coating.
4. The plate of claim 3 wherein the pores have an average size of 0.05 to 1.0 microns.
5. The plate of claim 4 wherein the plate body comprises a metallic sheet and a composite polymeric conductive coating, different from the porous conductive coating.
6. The plate of claim 1 wherein the plate body comprises a composite comprising electrically conductive filler disposed throughout a polymeric matrix.
7. The plate of claim 2 wherein the water contact angle is less than 25°.
8. The plate of claim 2 wherein the porosity of the coating is 10 to 50%.
9. The plate of claim 1 wherein the plate comprises a bipolar plate.
10. The plate of claim 2 wherein the porosity of the coating was obtained by disposing a solid pore forming agent in a conductive coating and exposing the solid pore forming agent to an acid sufficient to dissolve the solid pore forming agent.
11. The plate of claim 10 wherein the solid pore forming agent comprises sodium carbonate.
12. The plate of claim 6 wherein the porosity of the layer was obtained by molding pores into the body.
13. A fuel cell comprising:
a first electrically conductive fluid distribution plate comprising a plate body defining a set of fluid flow channels configured to distribute flow of a fluid across at least one side of the plate, the plate body including a metallic sheet and a composite polymeric conductive coating, the polymeric conductive coating including electrically-conductive filler dispersed throughout a polymeric matrix and being oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant protective,
a polymeric porous conductive layer proximate the plate body, the porous conductive layer having a porosity sufficient to result in a water contact angle of a surface of less than 40°, wherein the polymeric porous conductive layer is different than the composite polymeric conductive coating,
a second electrically conductive fluid distribution plate; and
a membrane electrode assembly separating the first electrically conductive fluid distribution plate and the second electrically conductive fluid distribution plate, the membrane electrode assembly comprising:
an electrolyte membrane, having a first side and a second side, an anode adjacent to the first side of the electrolyte membrane; and
a cathode adjacent to the second side of the electrolyte membrane.
14. An electrically conductive fluid distribution plate comprising:
a plate body defining a set of fluid flow channels configured to distribute flow of a fluid across at least one side of the plate, the plate body including a metallic sheet and a composite polymeric conductive coating, the polymeric conductive coating including electrically-conductive filler dispersed throughout a polymeric matrix and being oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant protective; and
a polymeric porous conductive layer proximate to the plate body, the porous conductive layer having a porosity sufficient to result in a water contact angle of a surface of less than 40°, the porosity comprising foam formed by a foaming agent, wherein the polymeric porous conductive layer is different than the composite polymeric conductive coating.