Methods and apparatus for integrated circuit ball bonding with substantially perpendicular wire bond profiles
Techniques for ball bonding wires in an integrated circuit are provided which allow formation of desired wire bond profile shapes for optimal performance. A wire is ball bonded to a first bond site in the integrated circuit with a bonding tool and at least one bend is formed in the wire. The wire is terminated at a second bond site with the bonding tool, thereby creating a wire bond profile. The technique is repeated for a plurality of additional wire bonds of the integrated circuit, and at least two wire bond profiles in the integrated circuit are substantially perpendicular to one another at a crossing point of the profiles.
1. Apparatus for performing a wire-bonding operation in an integrated circuit, the apparatus comprising:
a bonding tool;
a memory; and
at least one processor, coupled to the memory;
wherein the processor is programmed to cause the bonding tool to perform, for each of a plurality of wires in the integrated circuit, an operation of ball bonding the wire to a corresponding first bond site in the integrated circuit; an operation of forming at least one bend in the wire; and an operation of terminating the wire at a corresponding second bond site, thereby creating a plurality of bonded wires having respective profiles and being associated with respective pairs of first and second bond sites;
wherein the profiles of a first set of the plurality of bonded wires in the integrated circuit are substantially perpendicular to respective profiles of a second set of the plurality of bonded wires in the integrated circuit at respective crossing points thereof, with the profiles of the first and second sets of bonded wires residing in respective planes that are substantially parallel to one another, and either the first bond sites or the second bond sites associated with said first and second sets of bonded wires all being located on a given die of the integrated circuit;
wherein the operation of forming at least one bend in the wire comprises an operation of applying at least one reverse motion with the bonding tool;
wherein a first reverse motion forming a bend adjacent to the first bond site is applied at a greater distance from the first bond site along a length of the wire for a first wire from the first set of the plurality of bonded wires than for a second wire from the second set of the plurality of bonded wires; and wherein the first set of the plurality of bonded wires has a lower bond profile height relative to the second set of the plurality of bonded wires.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the operation of applying at least one reverse motion comprises applying a negative reverse motion and a positive reverse motion.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the negative reverse motion is applied at approximately 0.2 mm from the first bond site along a length of the second wire.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the positive reverse motion is applied at approximately 0.6 mm from the first bond site along a length of the second wire.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the profile of the second wire has a height of approximately 0.6 mm.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the negative reverse motion is applied at approximately 1.1 mm from the first bond site along a length of the first wire.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is programmed to cause the bonding tool to perform for each of a plurality of wires in the integrated circuit:
an operation of clamping the wire at a desired length after the operation of forming at least one bend in the wire; and
an operation of moving along an arcuate path to the second bond site before the operation of terminating the wire at the second bond site.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the operation of terminating the wire at the second bond site comprises:
an operation of bonding a ball to the second bond site; and
an operation of terminating the wire on a top surface of the bonded ball at the second bond site.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the wire is terminated at a die or a capacitor of the integrated circuit.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bend prevents the wire bond profile from skewing in a direction away from the second bond site.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit comprises a radio-frequency integrated circuit.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a capacitor and the second bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a die.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the operation of terminating the wire comprises terminating the wire at an angle substantially less than 90 degrees, thereby decreasing cross coupling of the wire with other wires of the integrated circuit.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a die and the second bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a capacitor.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a die and the second bond site of each of the plurality of wires is disposed on a lead of an integrated circuit package.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the operation of terminating the wire at a second bond site comprises terminating the wire with a wedge bond.
17. An article of manufacture for performing a wire-bonding operation in an integrated circuit, utilizing a bonding tool, comprising a machine readable medium containing one or more programs which when executed cause the bonding tool to perform, for each of a plurality of wires in the integrated circuit, the operations of:
ball bonding the wire to a corresponding first bond site in the integrated circuit;
forming at least one bend in the wire; and
terminating the wire at a corresponding second bond site, thereby creating a plurality of bonded wires having respective profiles and being associated with respective pairs of first and second bond sites;
wherein the profiles of a first set of the plurality of bonded wires in the integrated circuit are substantially perpendicular to respective profiles of a second set of the plurality of bonded wires in the integrated circuit at respective crossing points thereof, with the profiles of the first and second sets of bonded wires residing in respective planes that are substantially parallel to one another, and either the first bond sites or the second bond sites associated with said first and second sets of bonded wires all being located on a given die of the integrated circuit;
wherein the operation of forming at least one bend in the wire comprises an operation of applying at least one reverse motion with the bonding tool;
wherein a first reverse motion forming a bend adjacent to the first bond site is applied at a greater distance from the first bond site along a length of the wire for a first wire from the first set of the plurality of bonded wires than for a second wire from the second set of the plurality of bonded wires; and wherein the first set of the plurality of bonded wires has a lower bond profile height relative to the second set of the plurality of bonded wires.
18. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the operation of applying at least one reverse motion comprises applying the negative reverse motion prior to the positive reverse motion.
19. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the negative reverse motion comprises moving vertically above the ball bond and in a first horizontal direction toward the second bond site, and wherein the positive reverse motion comprises moving vertically above the ball bond and in a second horizontal direction away from the second bond site.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein either the first bond sites or the second bond sites associated with said first and second sets of bonded wires are arranged in a substantially straight line along one side of an upper surface of the die.
21. The article of claim 17 , wherein either the first bond sites or the second bond sites associated with said first and second sets of bonded wires are arranged in a substantially straight line along one side of an upper surface of the die.