Non-volatile programmable logic gates and adders
View Patent ↗Spin torque magnetic logic device having at least one input element and an output element. Current is applied through the input element(s), and the resulting resistance or voltage across the output element is measured. The input element(s) include a free layer and the output element includes a free layer that is electrically connected to the free layer of the input element. The free layers of the input element and the output element may be electrically connected via magnetostatic coupling, or may be physically coupled. In some embodiments, the output element may have more than one free layer.
1. A device comprising:
a first magnetic element comprising a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation;
a second magnetic element; and
a sensing circuit electrically connected to the second magnetic element to measure voltage or resistance across the second magnetic element,
wherein the second magnetic element is positioned physically adjacent to the first magnetic element.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element are about 100 nm apart.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element are magnetostatically coupled.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic element further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is adjacent the ferromagnetic free layer and the second electrode is adjacent the ferromagnetic pinned layer.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second magnetic element comprises a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the second magnetic element further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is adjacent the ferromagnetic free layer and the second electrode is adjacent the ferromagnetic pinned layer.
7. The device of claim 5 , wherein the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the first magnetic element is proximate the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the second magnetic element; and the ferromagnetic free layer of the first magnetic element is proximate the ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element.
8. The device of claim 7 further comprising a third magnetic element, wherein the second magnetic element is positioned between the first magnetic element and the third magnetic element.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the third magnetic element comprises a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the first magnetic element is proximate the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the second magnetic element; and the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the second magnetic element is proximate the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the third magnetic element.
11. The logic device of claim 8 , wherein the first magnetic element is electrically connected in parallel to the third magnetic element.
12. The logic device of claim 8 , wherein the first magnetic element is electrically connected in series to the third magnetic element.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second magnetic element comprises a first ferromagnetic free layer, a second ferromagnetic free layer and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, with the first ferromagnetic free layer and the second ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the first magnetic element is proximate the second ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element; and a ferromagnetic free layer of a third magnetic element is proximate the second ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element.
15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the first magnetic element is proximate the second ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element; and the ferromagnetic pinned layer of the third magnetic element is proximate the first ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the ferromagnetic free layer of the first magnetic element and the first ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element are physically connected.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the ferromagnetic free layer of the third magnetic element and the second ferromagnetic free layer of the second magnetic element are physically connected.
18. A device comprising:
a first magnetic element comprising a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation;
a second magnetic element;
a third magnetic element comprising a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation; and
a sensing circuit electrically connected to the second magnetic element to measure voltage or resistance across the second magnetic element,
wherein the second magnetic element is positioned between the first magnetic element and the third magnetic element.
19. The device according to claim 18 , wherein the second magnetic element comprises a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation.
20. A device comprising:
a first magnetic element comprising a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation;
a second magnetic element comprising a first ferromagnetic free layer, a second ferromagnetic free layer and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, with the first ferromagnetic free layer and the second ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation;
a third magnetic element comprising a ferromagnetic pinned layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a nonmagnetic barrier layer therebetween, the ferromagnetic pinned layer and the ferromagnetic free layer each having a magnetization orientation; and
a sensing circuit electrically connected to the second magnetic element to measure voltage or resistance across the second magnetic element,
wherein the second magnetic element is positioned between the first magnetic element and the third magnetic element.