Resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell filament formation using current waveforms
A memory device includes a metal oxide material disposed between and in electrical contact with first and second conductive electrodes, and an electrical current source configured to apply one or more electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material. For each of the one or more electrical current pulses, an amplitude of the electrical current increases over time during the electrical current pulse to form a conductive filament in metal oxide material.
1. A method of forming a conductive filament in metal oxide material disposed between and in electrical contact with a first and a second conductive electrodes, the method comprising:
applying a plurality of electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material;
wherein for each of the plurality of electrical current pulses, an amplitude of the electrical current increases over time during the electrical current pulse; and
wherein the method includes at least one of:
the amplitude of the electrical current for each of the plurality of electrical current pulses increases in discrete steps,
at least one of the plurality of electrical current pulses varies in amplitude, duration or a rate of gradual increase of the amplitude relative to another of the plurality of electrical current pulses,
measuring a resistance of the metal oxide material after each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, and
the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material includes applying at least one of a constant or downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the amplitude of the electrical current increases in discrete steps.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the number of the discrete steps exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the maximum of the electrical current amplitude exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the duration of the one electrical current pulse exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses:
the amplitude of the electrical current increases gradually, and
the gradual increase of the electrical current amplitude is at a rate that exceeds that of any of the plurality of electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses includes a first portion with a first polarity and a second portion with a second polarity opposite to the first polarity.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
the measuring of the resistance of the metal oxide material after each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses; and
ceasing the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses in response to the measured resistance being below a predetermined threshold.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a transistor is electrically connected to the second conductive electrode, and wherein the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material includes applying the constant voltage to the first conductive electrode.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a transistor is electrically connected to the second conductive electrode, and wherein the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material includes applying the downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a transistor is electrically connected to the second conductive electrode, and wherein the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material includes initially applying the constant voltage to the first conductive electrode, and then applying the downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode.
12. A memory device comprising:
a metal oxide material disposed between and in electrical contact with a first and a second conductive electrodes;
an electrical current source configured to apply a plurality of electrical current pulses through the metal oxide material;
wherein for each of the plurality of electrical current pulses, an amplitude of the electrical current increases over time during the electrical current pulse;
wherein the memory devices further includes at least one of:
the amplitude of the electrical current for each of the plurality of electrical current pulses increases in discrete steps,
at least one of the plurality of electrical current pulses varies in amplitude, duration or a rate of gradual increase of the amplitude relative to another of the plurality of electrical current pulses,
a resistance detector for measuring a resistance of the metal oxide material after each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, and
a transistor connected to the second conductive electrode and a voltage source connected to a gate electrode of the transistor configured to apply at least one of a constant or downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode during the plurality of the electrical current pulses.
13. The memory device of claim 12 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the amplitude of the electrical current increases in discrete steps.
14. The memory device of claim 13 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the number of the discrete steps exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
15. The memory device of claim 12 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the maximum of the electrical current amplitude exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
16. The memory device of claim 12 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, the duration of the one electrical current pulse exceeds that of any of the plurality of the electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
17. The memory device of claim 12 , wherein for each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses:
the amplitude of the electrical current increases gradually, and
the gradual increase of the electrical current amplitude is at a rate that exceeds that of any of the plurality of electrical current pulses preceding the electrical current pulse.
18. The memory device of claim 12 , wherein each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses includes a first portion with a first polarity and a second portion with a second polarity opposite to the first polarity.
19. The memory device of claim 12 , further comprising:
the resistance detector configured to measure the resistance of the metal oxide material after each of the plurality of the electrical current pulses, wherein the current source is configured to cease the applying of the plurality of the electrical current pulses in response to the measured resistance being below a predetermined threshold.
20. The memory device of claim 12 , further comprising:
the transistor connected to the second conductive electrode;
the voltage source connected to a gate electrode of the transistor;
wherein the voltage source and the electrical current source are configured to apply a constant voltage to the first conductive electrode during the plurality of the electrical current pulses.
21. The memory device of claim 12 , further comprising:
the transistor connected to the second conductive electrode;
the voltage source connected to a gate electrode of the transistor;
wherein the voltage source and the electrical current source are configured to apply a downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode during the plurality of the electrical current pulses.
22. The memory device of claim 12 , further comprising:
the transistor connected to the second conductive electrode;
the voltage source connected to a gate electrode of the transistor;
wherein the voltage source and the electrical current source are configured to initially apply a constant voltage to the first conductive electrode, and then a downwardly ramping voltage to the first conductive electrode, during the plurality of the electrical current pulses.