Circuit and method for controlling a crystal oscillator
A crystal oscillator circuit that can be controlled for fast start-up and for efficient operation is disclosed. The control includes adjusting a voltage applied to a body terminal of a transistor in order to control the amplification of the crystal oscillator. The amplification can be increased, relative to a motional resistance of the crystal oscillator, at start-up to reduce a start-up time necessary for oscillation. The amplification can also be decreased in order to maintain oscillation after start-up more efficiently. In some implementations, the transistor for control is a fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) transistor that accommodates a wide range of body bias voltages.
1. An oscillator circuit, comprising:
a current source configured to output a current at a current level corresponding to a body bias voltage applied to a body terminal of a silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor of the current source, the body bias voltage being in a range from a lower rail to an upper rail of a supply of the current source; and
a crystal oscillator coupled to the current source, the crystal oscillator having a transconductance gain corresponding to the current level so that a change in the body bias voltage generates a corresponding change in the transconductance gain of the crystal oscillator.
2. The oscillator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon on insulator transistor is a fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) transistor.
3. The oscillator circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising a body bias circuit, the body bias circuit configured to:
determine a state of the crystal oscillator; and
adjust the body bias voltage so that the current level of the current source corresponds to the state of the crystal oscillator.
4. The oscillator circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the state of the oscillator circuit is a start-up state or a steady-state.
5. The oscillator circuit according to claim 4 , wherein the current level of the current source corresponding to the start-up state is higher than the current level of the current source corresponding to the steady-state.
6. The oscillator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the current source is a current mirror.
7. The oscillator circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the current mirror includes a first transistor and a second transistor, the second transistor being the silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor, and the current that is output by the current mirror corresponding to current through the second transistor.
8. The oscillator circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the change in the transconductance gain of the crystal oscillator corresponds to a reduction a time necessary for the crystal oscillator to reach a steady state oscillation.
9. A method for controlling a crystal oscillator, comprising:
providing the crystal oscillator with a current from a current source;
determining a state of the crystal oscillator; and
adjusting, based on the state of the crystal oscillator, a body bias voltage applied to a body terminal of a silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor of the current source to adjust the current provided to the crystal oscillator, the body bias voltage adjusted in a range from a lower rail to an upper rail of a supply to the current source so that the current provided to the crystal oscillator adjusts a transconductance gain of the crystal oscillator according to the state of the crystal oscillator.
10. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 9 , wherein the silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor is a fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) transistor.
11. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 9 , wherein the state of the crystal oscillator is a start-up state or a steady-state.
12. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 11 , wherein the adjusting, based on the state of the crystal oscillator, the body bias voltage applied to the body terminal of the silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor of the current source, comprises:
increasing the current provided to the crystal oscillator during the start-up state; and
decreasing the current provided to the crystal oscillator during the steady-state.
13. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 12 , wherein increasing the current provided to the crystal oscillator during the start-up state reduces a time necessary for the crystal oscillator to reach a steady state oscillation, as compared to not increasing the current provided to the crystal oscillator during the start-up state.
14. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 9 , wherein the current source is a current mirror.
15. The method for controlling a crystal oscillator according to claim 14 , wherein the current mirror includes a first transistor and a second transistor, the second transistor being the silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor, and the current that is output by the current mirror corresponds to current through the second transistor.
16. An oscillator circuit, comprising:
a current source configured to output a current at a current level corresponding to a body bias voltage applied to a body terminal of a fully-depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) transistor of the current source, the body bias voltage being in a range from a lower rail to an upper rail of a supply of the current source;
a crystal oscillator coupled to the current source, the crystal oscillator having a transconductance gain corresponding to the current level so that a change in the body bias voltage generates a corresponding change in the transconductance gain of the crystal oscillator; and
a body bias circuit configured to determine a state of the crystal oscillator and to adjust the body bias voltage based on the state of the crystal oscillator.
17. The oscillator circuit according to claim 16 , wherein the state of the oscillator circuit is a start-up state or a steady-state and the current level of the current source corresponding to the start-up state is higher than the current level of the current source corresponding to the steady-state.
18. The oscillator circuit according to claim 16 , wherein the current source is a current mirror.