Two-component epoxy adhesive formulation for high elongation with low modulus
Two-component epoxy adhesive compositions, and methods of using the same, are described. The compositions include an epoxy resin component, including at least one epoxy resin and at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 12 to about 16 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component, and an epoxy curative component, including at least one curing agent and at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 55 to about 65 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
1. A two-component epoxy adhesive composition, comprising:
an epoxy resin component, comprising:
at least one epoxy resin; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 12 to about 16 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy resin component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol, a high functionality acrylic monomer, a glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol, and combinations thereof; and
an epoxy curative component, comprising:
at least one curing agent; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 55 to about 65 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy curative component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of an amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer, an aliphatic amine adduct, a polyamide adduct, a phenoxy alcohol, and combinations thereof.
2. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one flexibilizer in the epoxy resin component is present in the range of about 13 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
3. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one flexibilizer in the epoxy resin component is present in an amount of about 14 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
4. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one flexibilizer in the epoxy curative component is present in the range of about 57 to about 63 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
5. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one flexibilizer in the epoxy curative component is present in an amount of about 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
6. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
7. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy curative component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
8. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in the range of about 10 percent to about 45 percent.
9. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in an amount of about 25 percent.
10. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in the range of about 20 Mpa to about 310 Mpa.
11. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in an amount of about 186.2 Mpa.
12. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in the range of about 700 psi to about 2310 psi.
13. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in an amount of about 1710 psi.
14. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
15. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 6 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
16. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
17. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
18. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 2 to about 6 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
19. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 4 to about 6 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
20. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
21. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 6 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
22. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
23. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
24. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 20 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
25. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 24 to about 28 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
26. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
27. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 6 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
28. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 6 to about 9 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
29. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
30. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 13 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
31. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 14 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
32. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
33. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 13 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
34. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 11 to about 13 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
35. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin component optionally includes a material selected from the group consisting of coupling agents, pigments, fillers, rheological agents, and combinations thereof.
36. The invention according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy curative component optionally includes a material selected from the group consisting of fillers, rheological agents, and combinations thereof.
37. A two-component epoxy adhesive composition, comprising:
an epoxy resin component, comprising:
at least one epoxy resin; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 13 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy resin component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol, a high functionality acrylic monomer, a glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol, and combinations thereof; and
an epoxy curative component, comprising:
at least one curing agent; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 57 to about 63 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy curative component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of an amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer, an aliphatic amine adduct, a polyamide adduct, a phenoxy alcohol, and combinations thereof.
38. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the epoxy resin component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
39. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the epoxy curative component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
40. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in the range of about 10 percent to about 45 percent.
41. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in the range of about 20 Mpa to about 310 Mpa.
42. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in the range of about 700 psi to about 2310 psi.
43. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the, range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
44. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
45. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
46. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
47. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
48. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
49. The invention according to claim 37 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
50. A two-component epoxy adhesive composition, comprising:
an epoxy resin component, comprising:
at least one epoxy resin; and
at least one flexibilizer present in amount equal to about 14 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy resin component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol, a high functionality acrylic monomer, a glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol, and combinations thereof; and
an epoxy curative component, comprising:
at least one curing agent; and
at least one flexibilizer present in an amount equal to about 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy curative component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of an amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer, an aliphatic amine adduct, a polyamide adduct, a phenoxy alcohol, and combinations thereof.
51. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the epoxy resin component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
52. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the epoxy curative component is present in the range of about 40 to 60 weight percent, based on the total combined weight of the epoxy resin component and the epoxy curative component.
53. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in the range of about 10 percent to about 45 percent.
54. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in the range of about 20 Mpa to about 310 Mpa.
55. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in the range of about 700 psi to about 2310 psi.
56. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
57. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
58. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
59. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
60. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
61. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
62. The invention according to claim 50 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
63. An automotive exterior panel system, comprising:
a first panel member;
a second panel member; and
a two-component epoxy adhesive composition disposed therebetween, the composition comprising:
an epoxy resin component, comprising:
at least one epoxy resin; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 12 to about 16 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy resin component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol, a high functionality acrylic monomer, a glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol, and combinations thereof; and
an epoxy curative component, comprising:
at least one curing agent; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 55 to about 65 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
64. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the first panel member is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, thermosets, and combinations thereof.
65. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the second panel member is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, thermosets, and combinations thereof.
66. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in the range of about 10 percent to about 45 percent.
67. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in the range of about 20 Mpa to about 310 Mpa.
68. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in the range of about 700 psi to about 2310 psi.
69. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
70. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
71. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
72. The invention according to claim 63 , wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy curative component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of an amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer, an aliphatic amine adduct, a polyamide adduct, a phenoxy alcohol, and combinations thereof.
73. The invention according to claim 72 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
74. The invention according to claim 72 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
75. The invention according to claim 72 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
76. The invention according to claim 72 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
77. A method for forming an automotive exterior panel system, comprising the steps of:
providing a first panel member;
providing a second panel member; and
applying a two-component epoxy adhesive composition therebetween, the composition comprising:
an epoxy resin component, comprising:
at least one epoxy resin; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 12 to about 16 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component, wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy resin component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol, a high functionality acrylic monomer, a glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol, and combinations thereof; and
an epoxy curative component, comprising:
at least one curing agent; and
at least one flexibilizer present in the range of about 55 to about 65 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
78. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the first panel member is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, thermosets, and combinations thereof.
79. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the second panel member is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of metals, thermosets, and combinations thereof.
80. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has an elongation at break in the range of about 10 percent to about 45 percent.
81. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a Young's modulus in the range of about 20 Mpa to about 310 Mpa.
82. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein upon curing, the epoxy adhesive composition has a tensile strength in the range of about 700 psi to about 2310 psi.
83. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and polypropylene glycol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
84. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the high functionality acrylic monomer is present in the range of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
85. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the glycidyl ether of an alkyl phenol is present in the range of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin component.
86. The invention according to claim 77 , wherein the flexibilizer of the epoxy curative component is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of an amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer, an aliphatic amine adduct, a polyamide adduct, a phenoxy alcohol, and combinations thereof.
87. The invention according to claim 86 , wherein the amine terminated butadiene nitrile copolymer is present in the range of about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
88. The invention according to claim 86 , wherein the aliphatic amine adduct is present in the range of about 5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
89. The invention according to claim 86 , wherein the polyamide adduct is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.
90. The invention according to claim 86 , wherein the phenoxy alcohol is present in the range of about 10 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the epoxy curative component.