Process and apparatus for treating a workpiece with gases
In a method and apparatus for cleaning or processing a workpiece, a process gas is brought into contact with the workpiece by diffusion through a heated liquid layer on the workpiece, and by bulk transport achieved by entraining the gas in a liquid stream, spray or jet impinging on the workpiece. The process gas, which may be ozone, is entrained in the liquid via entrainment nozzles. Use of entrainment and diffusion together increases the amount of gas available for reaction at the workpiece surface, increases the reaction rate, and decreases required process times.
1. A method for cleaning a workpiece comprising:
heating a liquid to a temperature ranging from 50° C. to about 200° C.;
placing the workpiece into a chamber;
moving the liquid in a fluid flow line to the chamber;
entraining ozone gas into the liquid by injecting ozone gas into the liquid while the liquid is in the fluid flow line;
spraying the heated liquid onto the workpiece, with the heated liquid forming a liquid layer on the workpiece;
providing ozone gas into the spray of heated liquid, with ozone carried with the heated liquid onto the workpiece, and with ozone chemically reacting with a contaminant on the workpiece, to clean the workpiece.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising spinning the workpiece.
3. The method of claim 1 where the liquid comprises water and hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, or hydrogen peroxide.
4. The method of claim 1 with the liquid comprising water and HF.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising drying the workpiece by applying alcohol onto the workpiece.
6. The method of claim 1 with the liquid comprising deionized water, and wherein the liquid, ozone and a carrier gas mixture is sprayed against the workpiece.
7. The method of claim 1 with ozone gas diffusing through the liquid layer.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing ozone gas into the spray of heated liquid by forming an ozone gas environment within the chamber, and with the spray of heated liquid moving through the ozone gas environment.
9. A method for cleaning a workpiece, comprising:
heating a liquid to 50-200° C.;
entraining ozone gas into the heated liquid by mixing ozone gas with the heated liquid while the heated liquid is within a liquid reservoir;
placing the workpiece into a chamber;
moving the heated liquid from the liquid reservoir into the chamber;
directing the heated liquid onto the workpiece, with the heated liquid forming a liquid layer on the workpiece;
controlling a thickness of the liquid layer;
confining ozone gas within the chamber to form an ozone gas environment around the workpiece; and
cleaning the workpiece by chemical reaction of the ozone gas on the workpiece.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the liquid is sprayed onto the workpiece.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising spinning the workpiece.
12. The method of claim 9 where the liquid comprises water and a member selected from the group including one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide.
13. The method of claim 9 with the ozone injected into the liquid along with a carrier gas.
14. The method of claim 9 with the liquid comprising water and HF.
15. The method of claim 9 further comprising drying the workpiece by applying alcohol onto the workpiece.
16. The method of claim 9 with the liquid comprising deionized water, and wherein the liquid, ozone and a carrier gas mixture is sprayed against the workpiece.
17. The method of claim 9 further comprising spraying the heated liquid onto the workpiece through the ozone gas environment formed in the chamber, to entrain additional ozone gas into the liquid.
18. A method for cleaning at least one workpiece comprising:
heating a process liquid to 50-200° C.;
placing the workpiece into a chamber;
moving the liquid in a fluid flow line to the chamber;
entraining ozone gas into the liquid by injecting ozone gas into the liquid while the liquid is in the fluid flow line;
applying the heated liquid onto the workpiece;
forming the liquid into a liquid layer on the workpiece;
controlling a thickness of the liquid layer on the workpiece;
rotating the workpiece;
and with the ozone chemically reacting with a contaminant on the workpiece, to clean the workpiece.
19. The method of claim 18 with the liquid including water and HF.
20. The method of claim 18 where the liquid comprises water and a member selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, or hydrogen peroxide.
21. The method of claim 18 further comprising providing an ozone gas environment within the chamber and with additional ozone gas entrained in the liquid via the movement of the liquid through the ozone gas environment.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising directing a spray of liquid out from a liquid spray nozzle in the chamber and by directing a flow of ozone gas out from a gas spray nozzle in the chamber into the spray of liquid.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein the ozone gas environment is formed in the chamber from ozone provided into the chamber with the liquid.
24. The method of claim 21 wherein the ozone gas environment is formed in the chamber by separately introducing ozone gas into the chamber as a dry gas.