Stabilization of fresh mozzarella cheese using fermented whey
View Patent ↗The invention is directed to a fermented and clarified nisin-containing whey and a method of making that can be used to produce a stabilized food product by adding, for example, to the pack water of fresh mozzarella cheese. The resulting stabilized food product retards or limits below detection levels the growth of toxins from pathogenic bacterial contaminants when the nisin-containing whey is added in amounts between about 10 to about 30% to the food product. The stabilized food product improves the safety of the food by retarding the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and improves the shelf life of the product by retarding the growth of gas forming bacteria such as bacteria from the Leuconostoc species.
1. A stabilized food product comprising fresh mozzarella cheese, pack water, and an effective amount of a clarified nisin-containing whey, wherein the pack water and the clarified nisin-containing whey provide a liquid medium for the fresh mozzarella cheese, and wherein the clarified nisin-containing whey is prepared by a process comprising:
(a) preparing an aqueous composition comprising acid whey, whey protein concentrate, and a protein hydrolysate;
(b) fermenting the aqueous composition with a nisin-producing culture until the pH attains about 5.2 to about 5.8;
(c) maintaining the pH of the fermenting composition at about 5.2 to about 5.8 for about 8 to about 12 hours;
(d) allowing the pH of the fermenting composition to drop to about 4.8 to about 5.2 to form a fermented composition having a nisin-equivalent activity;
(e) adding an acid to the fermented composition to drop the pH to about 3.5 to about 5.0 to form an acidified composition;
(f) filtering the acidified composition to form a filtered composition;
(g) adding a base to the filtered composition to raise the pH to about 5.5 to about 6.0 to form the clarified nisin-containing whey; wherein the clarified nisin containing whey has the nisin-equivalent activity of at least about 800 IU/ml.
2. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity in the liquid medium is at least 360 IU/ml after 8 weeks of storage.
3. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized food product contains about 10 to about 40% of the clarified nisin-containing whey.
4. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the amount of clarified nisin-containing whey is effective to retard or reduce below detection levels the growth of microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Listeria monocytogenes and a Leuconostoc specie.
5. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the acid whey is from the fermentation of a cheese selected from the group consisting of ricotta cheese, impastata cheese, cream cheese, and cottage cheese.
6. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof.
7. The stabilized food product of claim 6 , wherein the acid is lactic acid.
8. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the base is calcium hydroxide.
9. The stabilized food product of clam 1 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity in the fermented composition is at least about 1600 IU/ml.
10. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity in the clarified nisin-containing whey is at least 1500 IU/ml.
11. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity of the clarified nisin-containing whey is at least about 95% of the nisin-equivalent activity in the fermented composition.
12. The stabilized food product of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises at least about 30% acid whey, at least about 0.5% whey protein concentrate, and at least about 0.1% protein hydrolysate.
13. The stabilized food product of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 40 to about 60% acid whey.
14. The stabilized food product of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 60 to about 80% acid whey.
15. The stabilized food product of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 0.5 to about 2% whey protein concentrate.
16. The stabilized food product of claim 12 , further comprising at least about 0.25% yeast extract.
17. A method of making a clarified nisin-containing whey, the method comprising:
(a) preparing an aqueous composition comprising acid whey, whey protein concentrate, and a protein hydrolysate;
(b) fermenting the aqueous composition with a nisin-producing culture until the pH attains about 5.2 to about 5.8;
(c) maintaining the pH of the fermenting composition at about 5.2 to about 5.8 for about 8 to about 12 hours;
(d) allowing the pH of the fermenting composition to drop to about 4.8 to about 5.2 to form a fermented composition having a nisin-equivalent activity;
(e) adding an acid to the fermented composition to drop the pH to about 3.5 to about 5.0 to form an acidified composition;
(f) filtering the acidified composition to form a filtered composition;
(g) adding a base to the filtered composition to raise the pH to about 5.5 to about 6.0 to form the nisin-containing whey wherein the clarified nisin containing whey has the nisin-equivalent activity of at least about 800 IU/ml.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the acid whey is from the fermentation of a cheese selected from the group consisting of ricotta cheese, impastata cheese, cream cheese, and cottage cheese.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the acid is lactic acid.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the base is calcium hydroxide.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity in the fermented composition is at least about 1600 IU/ml.
23. The method of claim 17 wherein the nisin-equivalent activity of the clarified nisin-containing whey is at least about 1500 IU/ml.
24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the nisin-equivalent activity in the clarified nisin-containing whey is at least about 95% of the nisin-equivalent activity in the fermented composition.
25. The method of claim 17 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises at least about 30% acid whey, at least about 0.5% whey protein concentrate, and at least about 0.1% protein hydrolysate.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 40 to about 60% acid whey.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 60 to about 80% acid whey.
28. The method of claim 25 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises about 0.5 to about 2% whey protein concentrate.
29. The method of claim 25 , further comprising at least about 0.25% yeast extract.