Oscillator stabilized for temperature and power supply variations
A circuit may comprise an amplifier powered by a first supply voltage, with a first input of the amplifier coupled to a stable reference voltage, and the output voltage of the amplifier provided as a designated supply voltage to an oscillator configured to produce a periodic signal having a specified frequency. The circuit may further include a control circuit coupled to a second input of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to ground, and configured to control the rate of change of the output voltage of the amplifier with respect to temperature. This rate of change may be specified according to a characterization of the oscillator over supply voltage and temperature, and may result in stabilizing the specified frequency across temperature. The periodic signal may therefore be unaffected by variations in the first supply voltage, and the amplitude of the periodic signal may be proportional to the stable reference voltage.
1. A supply circuit for providing a designated supply voltage at a supply terminal of an oscillator for powering the oscillator, the oscillator configured to produce a periodic signal having a specified frequency, the supply circuit comprising:
an amplifier powered by a first supply voltage, wherein a first input terminal of the amplifier is configured to receive a stable reference voltage, and wherein an output of the amplifier is configured to couple to the supply terminal of the oscillator, wherein the designated supply voltage is a voltage developed at the output of the amplifier; and
a control circuit coupled to a second input terminal of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to a voltage reference, wherein when the supply circuit is providing the designated supply voltage at the supply terminal, the control circuit is configured to vary the value of the designated supply voltage at a specific rate with respect to change in temperature as the temperature changes to stabilize the specified frequency of the periodic signal across variations in temperature;
wherein the amplitude of the periodic signal is a function of the stable reference voltage.
2. The supply circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a first resistive element and a second resistive element, each having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first resistive element and the first terminal of the second resistive element are coupled to the second input terminal of the amplifier, wherein the second terminal of the first resistive element is coupled to the output of the amplifier, wherein the second terminal of the second resistive element is coupled to a first terminal of a PN-junction, and wherein a second terminal of the PN-junction is coupled to the voltage reference;
wherein the specific rate is set by the PN-junction, and respective values of the first resistive element and the second resistive element.
3. The supply circuit of claim 2 , wherein the PN junction is comprised in one of:
an NPN bipolar junction transistor;
a PNP bipolar junction transistor;
an NPN substrate transistor;
a PNP substrate transistor; or
a diode.
4. The supply circuit of claim 2 , wherein the voltage reference is ground.
5. The supply circuit of claim 1 , wherein the variation of the value of the designated supply voltage at the specific rate with respect to change in temperature is proportional to absolute temperature.
6. The supply circuit of claim 1 , wherein the specific rate is determined and specified according to a characterization of the oscillator with respect to:
variations in a test supply voltage applied to the supply terminal; and
variations in temperature.
7. The supply circuit of claim 6 , wherein the characterization of the oscillator comprises:
the specified frequency established as a function of temperature for a fixed value of the test supply voltage; and
the specified frequency established as a function of the test supply voltage for a substantially constant temperature.
8. The supply circuit of claim 1 , wherein the amplifier is a differential amplifier, wherein the first input terminal of the amplifier is a non-inverting input terminal and the second input terminal of the amplifier is an inverting input terminal.
9. A method comprising:
generating a designated supply voltage at an output of an amplifier by powering the amplifier with a first supply voltage;
inputting a stable reference voltage that is independent of the first supply voltage into a first input terminal of the amplifier;
varying the value of the designated supply voltage at a specific rate with respect to change in temperature as temperature varies, using a control circuit coupled to a second input terminal of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to a voltage reference;
powering an oscillator with the designated supply voltage; and
in response to said powering, the oscillator generating a first periodic signal having a specified frequency;
wherein in response to varying the value of the designated supply voltage at the specific rate as the temperature varies, the frequency of the first periodic signal remains unaffected by variations in temperature; and
wherein in response to generating the designated supply voltage based on the stable reference voltage that is independent of the first supply voltage, the amplitude of the first periodic signal becomes a function of the stable reference voltage and remains unaffected by variations in the value of the first supply voltage.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said varying the value of the designated supply voltage comprises inputting a second voltage into the second input terminal of the amplifier, the second voltage having a value that varies at a specific rate with respect to change in temperature.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
generating a second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal and a second supply voltage, wherein the second periodic signal has the specified frequency and an amplitude determined by the second supply voltage.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein said generating the designated supply voltage comprises:
determining the specific rate based on a characterization of the oscillator.
13. A system comprising:
an oscillator comprising an oscillator supply terminal, and configured to provide a first periodic signal having a specified frequency;
an amplifier comprising:
an amplifier supply terminal configured to receive a first supply voltage to power to the amplifier;
a first input terminal configured to receive a stable reference voltage; and
an output, wherein the amplifier is configured to develop an output voltage at its output, and provide the output voltage developed at the output of the amplifier to the oscillator supply terminal to power the oscillator; and
a control circuit coupled to a second input terminal of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to signal ground, wherein the control circuit is configured to control a rate of change at which the value of the output voltage changes with respect to varying temperature, causing the frequency of the first periodic signal to remain unaffected by variations in temperature;
wherein the amplitude of the periodic signal is a function of the stable reference voltage and remains unaffected by variations in the value of the first supply voltage.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the oscillator is a ring oscillator.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the amplifier is an operational amplifier, wherein the first input terminal of the amplifier is a non-inverting input terminal and the second input terminal of the amplifier is an inverting input terminal.
16. The system of claim 13 , further comprising:
a level translator circuit configured to be powered by a second supply voltage and further configured to generate a second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal, wherein the second periodic signal has the specified frequency, and an amplitude equivalent to the second supply voltage.
17. The system of claim 13 , wherein the rate of change is specified according to a characterization of the oscillator, wherein the characterization of the oscillator comprises:
the specified frequency established as a function of temperature for a fixed supply voltage applied to the supply terminal; and
the specified frequency established as a function of a test supply voltage applied to the supply terminal for a substantially constant temperature.
18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a first resistor and a second resistor, each having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first resistor and the first terminal of the second resistor are coupled to the second input terminal of the amplifier, wherein the second terminal of the first resistor is coupled to the output of the amplifier, wherein the second terminal of the second resistor is coupled to a first terminal of a PN-junction, and wherein a second terminal of the PN junction is coupled to the signal ground;
wherein the rate of change is set by the PN-junction, and by respective values of the first resistor and the second resistor.
19. A method comprising:
generating a supply voltage at an output of an amplifier by powering the amplifier with a first supply rail;
inputting a stable reference voltage into a first input terminal of the amplifier, wherein the stable reference voltage is independent of the first supply rail;
controlling the supply voltage to have a specific nonzero PTAT (proportional to absolute temperature) characteristic that defines a specific rate at which a value of the supply voltage changes with respect to variations in temperature, using a control circuit coupled to a second input terminal of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to a voltage reference;
powering an oscillator with the supply voltage; and
in response to said powering, the oscillator generating a first periodic signal having a specified frequency;
in response to the supply voltage having the specific nonzero PTAT characteristic, the specified frequency of the first periodic signal remaining unaffected by variations in temperature and changes in the value of the supply voltage.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein an amplitude of the first periodic signal is a function of the stable reference voltage.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
determining and specifying a slope of the specific nonzero PTAT characteristic based on a characterization of the oscillator with respect to:
varying the supply voltage powering the oscillator while temperature remains constant; and
varying temperature while the supply voltage powering the oscillator remains constant.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein said inputting the stable reference voltage into the amplifier comprises inputting the stable reference voltage into the first input terminal of the amplifier;
wherein said controlling the supply voltage comprises inputting a second voltage into the second input terminal of the amplifier, wherein a value of the second voltage varies at the specific rate with respect to variations in temperature.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising generating the second voltage based on the supply voltage.
24. A method comprising:
powering an amplifier with a first supply voltage;
providing a stable reference voltage that is independent of the first supply voltage at a first input of the amplifier;
in response to said powering and said providing, the amplifier developing a designated supply voltage at its output;
varying the value of the designated supply voltage at a specific rate with respect to change in temperature as temperature varies, using a control circuit coupled to a second input of the amplifier, to the output of the amplifier, and to a voltage reference;
powering an oscillator with the designated supply voltage;
in response to said powering, the oscillator generating a first periodic signal having a specified frequency;
in response to said varying, the frequency of the first periodic signal remaining unaffected by variations in temperature; and
in response to said providing, the amplitude of the first periodic signal becoming a function of the stable reference voltage and remaining unaffected by variations in the value of the first supply voltage.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising generating the stable reference voltage.
26. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
generating a second periodic signal based on the first periodic signal and a second supply voltage, wherein the second periodic signal has the specified frequency and an amplitude determined by the second supply voltage.
27. The method of claim 24 , further comprising determining the specific rate based on a characterization of the oscillator.