Methods for producing smooth wafers
View Patent ↗Methods for reducing the surface roughness of semiconductor wafers through a combination of rough polishing and thermally annealing the wafer.
1. A method for reducing the surface roughness of a semiconductor wafer having a front surface and a back surface, the method comprising:
rough polishing the front surface and back surface of the wafer, wherein the polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface and back surface of the wafer to below about 1.5 A as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 100μm × about 100μm; and
thermally annealing the rough polished wafer at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. for a period of at least about 5 minutes in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof, wherein the wafer is not finish polished after the rough polishing step.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of no more than about 1350° C.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1150° C. for a period of at least about 10 minutes to create a substantially void-free region at least about 10 μm in thickness at the front surface of the wafer.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1200° C. for a period of at least about 1 hour to create a substantially void-free region at least about 10 μm in thickness at the front surface of the wafer.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces localized light scatterers on the front surface of the wafer caused by scratches, roughness and surface defects and greater than about 45 nm in diameter to no more than about 25.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. for a period of at least about 10 minutes.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 1.5 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to between about 0.6 Å and about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to between about 0.6 Å and about 1.5 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to between about 0.7 Å and about 1.5 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to about 0.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the rough polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 100 μm × about 100 μm.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the rough polishing step removes a surface thickness on the front surface of the wafer of between about 1 μm and about 20 μm.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the back surface of the wafer to below about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
16. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed comprises an inert gas.
17. The method as set forth in claim 16 wherein the inert gas is argon.
18. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed consists essentially of an inert gas.
19. The method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the inert gas is argon.
20. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 2.5 Å as measured with a scan size of about 100 μm × about 100 μm.
21. A method for reducing the surface roughness of a semiconductor wafer having a front surface and a back surface, the method comprising:
rough polishing the front surface and back surface of the wafer, wherein the polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface and back surface of the wafer to below about 1.3 A as measured with a scan size of about 10 μm × about 10 μm;
thermally annealing the rough polished wafer at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. for a period of at least about 5 minutes in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof, wherein the wafer is not finish polished after the rough polishing step.
22. The method as set forth in claim 21 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed comprises an inert gas.
23. The method as set forth in claim 22 wherein the inert gas is argon.
24. The method as set forth in claim 21 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed consists essentially of an inert gas.
25. The method as set forth in claim 24 wherein the inert gas is argon.
26. The method as set forth in claim 21 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 2.5 Å as measured with a scan size of about 100 μm × about 100 μm.
27. A method for reducing the surface roughness of a semiconductor wafer having a front surface and a back surface, the method comprising:
rough polishing the front surface and back surface of the wafer, wherein the polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface and back surface of the wafer to below about 1.5 A as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 100 μm × about 100 μm; and
thermally annealing the polished wafer, wherein the thermal anneal reduces the surface roughness of the front surface and back surface of the wafer to below about 1.5 A as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30μm, wherein the wafer is not finish polished after the rough polishing step.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to between about 0.6 Å and about 1.5 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
29. The method of claim 26 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of from about 1050° C. to about 1350° C. in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. for a period of at least about 5 minutes.
31. The method of claim 28 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. for a period of at least about 10 minutes.
32. The method of claim 28 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1150° C. for a period of at least about 10 minutes so as to create a substantially void-free region at least about 10 μm in thickness at the front surface of the wafer.
33. The method of claim 28 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1200° C. for a period of at least about 1 hour so as to create a substantially void-free region at least about 10 μm in thickness at the front surface of the wafer.
34. The method of claim 28 wherein the rough polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 100 μm × about 100 μm.
35. The method of claim 28 wherein the rough polishing step removes a surface thickness on the front surface of the wafer of between about 1 μm and about 20 μm.
36. The method of claim 28 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the back surface of the wafer to below about 1.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
37. The method of claim 28 wherein the thermal anneal reduces localized light scatterers on the front surface of the wafer caused by scratches, roughness and surface defects and greater than about 45 nm in diameter to less than about 25.
38. The method of claim 27 wherein the wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of from about 1050° C. to about 1350° C. in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof.
39. The method of claim 27 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to between about 0.7 Å and about 1.5 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
40. The method of claim 27 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to about 0.9 Å as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 30 μm × about 30 μm.
41. The method as set forth in claim 22 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed comprises an inert gas.
42. The method as set forth in claim 41 wherein the inert gas is argon.
43. The method as set forth in claim 29 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed consists essentially of an inert gas.
44. The method as set forth in claim 43 wherein the inert gas is argon.
45. The method as set forth in claim 27 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 2.5 Å as measured with a scan size of about 100 μm × about 100 μm.
46. A method for reducing the surface roughness of a semiconductor wafer having a front surface and a back surface, wherein the resulting wafer contains a substantially void-free region at least about i0˜m in thickness at the front surface of the wafer, the method comprising:
rough polishing the front surface and back surface of the wafer, wherein the polishing step does not reduce the roughness of the front surface and back surface of the wafer to below about 1.5 A as measured with scan sizes of about 1 μm × about 1 μm to about 100 μm × about 100 μm; and
thermally annealing the rough polished wafer at a temperature of at least about 1150° C. for a period of at least about 10 minutes in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof , wherein the wafer is not finish polished after the rough polishing step.
47. The method of claim 46 wherein the polished wafer is thermally annealed at a temperature of at least about 1200° C. for a period of at least about 1 hour in an atmosphere comprising an inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof.
48. The method of claim 46 wherein the thermal anneal reduces localized light scatterers on the front surface of the wafer caused by scratches, roughness and surface defects and greater than about 45 nm in diameter to less than about 25.
49. The method as set forth in claim 46 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed comprises an inert gas.
50. The method as set forth in claim 49 wherein the inert gas is argon.
51. The method as set forth in claim 46 wherein the atmosphere in which the polished wafer is thermally annealed consists essentially of an inert gas.
52. The method as set forth in claim 51 wherein the inert gas is argon.
53. The method as set forth in claim 46 wherein the thermal anneal reduces the roughness of the front surface of the wafer to below about 2.5 Å as measured with a scan size of about 100 μm × about 100 μm.