Copper electrodeposition in microelectronics

1. A composition for electroplating Cu onto a substrate in the manufacture of a microelectronic device, the composition comprising:

a source of Cu ions;

one or more superfilling agent compounds which promote a Cu deposit characterized by a rate of growth in the vertical direction which is substantially greater than a rate of growth in the horizontal direction, wherein the superfilling agent compounds comprise an accelerator and a suppressor, and

a leveling agent comprising a quaternized pyridyl polymer compound comprising a polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine which has a leveling effect without substantially interfering with superfilling.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a 4-vinyl pyridine homo-polymer.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a 4-vinyl pyridine co-polymer.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a reaction product of 4-vinyl pyridine.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a reaction product of poly(4-vinyl pyridine).

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a reaction product of 4-vinyl pyridine and methyl sulfate.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine is a reaction product of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and methyl sulfate.

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said 4-vinyl pyridine polymer is prepared by a process that comprises a reaction between 4-vinyl pyridine and a compound of formula 1:

R 1 —L  (1)

wherein R 1 is alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl, substituted aralkyl or substituted heteroarylalkyl; and

L is a leaving group.

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said 4-vinyl pyridine polymer is prepared by a process that comprises reacting poly(4-vinyl pyridine) with dimethyl sulfate, reacting poly(4-vinyl pyridine) with methyl tosylate, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with dimethyl sulfate, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with methyl tosylate, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with 2-chloroethanol, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with benzylchloride, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with allyl chloride, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with 4-chloromethylpyridine, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with 1,3-propane sultone, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with methyl tosylate, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with chloroacetone, reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with 2-methoxyethoxymethylchloride, or reacting 4-vinyl pyridine with 2-chloroethylether.

10. A composition as set forth in claim 1 wherein said quaternized polymer of 4-vinyl pyridine comprises a quaternary pyridinium salt, the preparation of which comprises reaction of 4-vinyl pyridine or a polymer comprising repeating units of 4-vinyl pyridine with a compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfate, methyl tosylate, dimethyl sulfate, methyl tosylate, 2-chloroethanol, benzyl chloride, allyl chloride, chloromethylpyridine, 1,3-propane sultone, chloroacetone, methoxyethoxymethylchloride, 2-chloroethylether, poly(2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine), and 1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium trifluoromethyl sulfonate.

11. A composition as set forth in claim 10 wherein said 4-vinyl pyridine polymer is prepared by a process comprising reaction of 4-vinyl pyridine monomer or a polymer comprising 4-vinyl pyridine repeating units with dimethyl sulfate or methyl tosylate.

12. A composition for electroplating Cu onto a substrate in the manufacture of a microelectronic device, the composition comprising:

a source of Cu ions;

one or more superfilling agent compounds which promote a Cu deposit characterized by a rate of growth in the vertical direction which is substantially greater than a rate of growth in the horizontal direction, wherein the superfilling agent compounds are selected from the group consisting of an accelerator, a suppressor, and combinations thereof; and

a leveling agent comprising a quaternized pyridyl polymer compound comprising a 4-vinyl pyridine polymer which has a leveling effect without substantially interfering with superfilling, wherein 4-vinyl pyridine repeating units of said 4-vinyl pyridine polymer have been quaternized with a quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfate, methyl tosylate, 2-chloroethanol, benzyl chloride, allyl chloride, chloroacetone, 2-methoxyethoxymethylchloride, 2-chloroethylether, 1,3-dichloropropanol, alkyl octyl sulfate, and alkyl trifluoromethane sulfonate.

13. A composition as set forth in claim 12 wherein said quaternizing agent is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfate, methyl tosylate, chloroacetone, 2-chloroethylether, and 1,3-dichloropropanol.