Method for lower thermal budget multiple cures in semiconductor packaging
A multilayer structure comprises: a substrate; and, a plurality of polymerizable layers successively deposited on the substrate, with each successive layer having a greater dielectric polarizability than the preceding layer(s), so that each successive layer will absorb microwave energy preferentially to the preceding layer(s). In this way, successive layers can be cured without over-curing the preceding layers. The individual layers are preferably materials from a single chemical family (e.g., epoxies, polyimides, PBO, etc.) and have similar properties after curing. The dielectric polarizabilities may be adjusted by modifying such factors as chain endcap dipole strength, cross-linker dipole strength, promoter, solvent, and backbone type. The invention is particularly suitable for producing various polymer layers on silicon for electronic applications. An associated method is also disclosed.
1 . A multilayer structure comprising:
a substrate;
a first polymerizable layer having a first dielectric polarizability; and,
a second polymerizable layer having a second dielectric polarizability greater than said first dielectric polarizability, so that said second polymerizable layer will absorb microwave energy preferentially to said first polymerizable layer.
2 . The structure of claim 1 wherein said first and second polymerizable layers comprise two members of a chemical family selected from the group consisting of: epoxies; polyimides; benzocyclobutenes; and polybezoxazoles.
3 . The structure of claim 1 wherein said first and second polymerizable layers have similar physical properties after curing.
4 . The structure of claim 1 wherein the difference in dielectric polarizabilities between said first and second polymerizable layers is the result of differences in at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of: chain endcap dipole strength; cross-linker dipole strength; promoter; solvent; and backbone type.
5 . The structure of claim 1 wherein said first polymerizable layer can be cured at a first temperature and said second polymerizable layer can be cured at a second temperature lower than said first temperature.
6 . A multilayer structure comprising:
a substrate; and,
a plurality of polymerizable layers successively deposited on said substrate, with each successive layer having a greater dielectric polarizability than the preceding layer(s), so that each successive layer will absorb microwave energy preferentially to the preceding layer(s).
7 . The structure of claim 6 wherein all of said polymerizable layers comprise members of a single chemical family selected from the group consisting of: epoxies; polyimides; benzocyclobutenes; and polybezoxazoles.
8 . The structure of claim 6 wherein all of said polymerizable layers have similar physical properties after curing.
9 . The structure of claim 6 wherein the difference in dielectric polarizabilities between successive polymerizable layers is the result of differences in at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of: chain endcap dipole strength; cross-linker dipole strength; promoter; solvent; and backbone type.
10 . The structure of claim 6 wherein each successive polymerizable layer can be cured at a lower temperature than the preceding layer(s).
11 . A method of making a multilayer structure comprising the steps of:
depositing a first polymerizable layer on a selected substrate;
exposing said first polymerizable layer to microwave energy for a time-temperature profile sufficient to achieve a desired level of cure;
depositing a second polymerizable layer on said first layer, said second layer having a dielectric polarizability greater than that of said first layer, so that said second layer will absorb microwave energy preferentially to said first layer; and,
exposing said second polymerizable layer to microwave energy for a time-temperature profile sufficient to achieve a desired level of cure in said second layer.
12 . The method of claim 11 wherein said first and second polymerizable layers comprise two members of a single chemical family selected from the group consisting of: epoxies; polyimides; benzocyclobutenes; and polybezoxazoles.
13 . The method of claim 11 wherein said first and second polymerizable layers have similar physical properties after curing.
14 . The method of claim 11 wherein the difference in dielectric polarizabilities between said first and second polymerizable layers is the result of differences in at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of: chain endcap dipole strength; cross-linker dipole strength; promoter; solvent; and backbone type.
15 . The method of claim 11 wherein said first polymerizable layer can be cured at a first temperature and said second polymerizable layer can be cured at a second temperature lower than said first temperature.
16 . A method of making a multilayer structure comprising the steps of:
depositing a plurality of polymerizable layers on a selected substrate, each successive layer having greater dielectric polarizability than that of the preceding layer(s); and,
exposing each of said polymerizable layers to microwave energy for a time-temperature profile sufficient to achieve a desired level of cure before depositing the successive layer(s).
17 . The method of claim 16 wherein all of said polymerizable layers comprise members of a single chemical family selected from the group consisting of: epoxies; polyimides;
benzocyclobutenes; and polybezoxazoles.
18 . The method of claim 16 wherein all of said polymerizable layers have similar physical properties after curing.
19 . The method of claim 16 wherein the difference in dielectric polarizabilities between successive polymerizable layers is the result of differences in at least one characteristic . selected from the group consisting of: chain endcap dipole strength; cross-linker dipole strength; promoter; solvent; and backbone type.
20 . The method of claim 16 wherein each successive polymerizable layer can be cured at a lower temperature than the preceding layer(s).