Compact broadband impedance transformer
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to an impedance transformation device for use in a system having a characteristic system impedance, the device being characterized by a predetermined bandwidth having a center frequency. The device housing size is one-eighth wavelength of the center frequency. A first coupler is characterized by an even mode impedance and an odd mode impedance. The bandwidth is a function of the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance substantially corresponds to the component port impedance. At least one second coupler is disposed in parallel with the first coupler and is characterized by the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance.
1. An impedance transformation device for use in a system having a characteristic system impedance, the device being characterized by a predetermined bandwidth having a center frequency, the device comprising:
a housing including an interior region characterized by a size substantially corresponding to a one-eighth wavelength of the center frequency, the housing including a plurality of input/output (I/O) ports, the plurality of I/O ports including a first port configured to be coupled to a system component characterized by a component port impedance, and a second port configured to be coupled to the system impedance, an impedance transformation ratio of the component port impedance and the system impedance;
a first coupler disposed in the interior region and including a first transmission line and a second transmission line, first transmission line being coupled between the first port and the second port, the first transmission line and the second transmission line having a predetermined geometry disposed in a stripline broadside arrangement, the first coupler being characterized by an even mode impedance and an odd mode impedance, the bandwidth being a function of the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance substantially corresponding to the component port impedance; and
at least one second coupler disposed in the interior region substantially in parallel with the first coupler, the at least one second coupler including a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line having the predetermined geometry disposed in the stripline broadside arrangement, the at least one second coupler being characterized by the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined geometry includes a spiral transmission line arrangement.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the stripline broadside arrangement includes four vertically aligned and interdigitally connected transmission lines.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a ground plane disposed between the first coupler and the at least one second coupler, the first coupler including two or more transmission lines vertically aligned and interdigitally connected and the at least one second coupler including two or more transmission lines vertically aligned and interdigitally connected.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes an integrated circuit package configured to be disposed on a printed circuit board.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the odd mode impedance is substantially equal to one fourth the system impedance.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is substantially equal to one fourth the system impedance.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the odd mode impedance is substantially equal to one sixth the system impedance.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is substantially equal to one ninth the system impedance.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the system includes a Doherty amplifier arrangement, the first port being coupled to a Doherty summation node, the Doherty summation node being configured to combine signals provided by a main amplifier inverting impedance matching network and a peak amplifier non-inverting impedance matching network.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is selected from a group of impedance transformation ratios including one-fourth, one-ninth, and one-sixteenth.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein a first end portion of the first transmission line and a first end portion of the at least one third transmission line are coupled in parallel to the first port.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein a second end portion of the second transmission line is coupled in series with a second end portion of the at least one third transmission line.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein a first end of the second transmission line and a first end of the at least one fourth transmission line are coupled to a ground potential.
15. A Doherty amplifier system for use with the device of claim 1 , the system comprising:
a main amplifier coupled to a summation node via an inverting impedance matching network, a peak amplifier coupled to the summation node via a non-inverting impedance matching network;
an impedance transformation network coupled between the summation node and the system impedance, the impedance transformation network including a plurality of impedance transformation devices of claim 1 .
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the impedance transformation network includes a first impedance transformation network coupled in series with a second impedance transformation network, each of the first impedance transformation network and the second impedance transformation network including at least one device of claim 1 .
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the first impedance transformation network includes four devices of claim 1 , the first transmission line of each of the four devices of claim 1 being connected in parallel.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is substantially equal to about one-sixteenth.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second coupler includes a second coupler substantially in parallel with a third coupler.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the system includes a Doherty amplifier arrangement, the first port being coupled to a Doherty summation node, the Doherty summation node being configured to combine signals provided by a main amplifier inverting impedance matching network and a peak amplifier non-inverting impedance matching network.
21. The device of claim 19 , wherein the second coupler includes a third transmission line and a fourth transmission line and is characterized by the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance, and wherein the third coupler includes a fifth transmission line and a sixth transmission line and is characterized by the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance.
22. The device of claim 21 , wherein a first end of the second transmission line, a first end of the fourth transmission line, and a first end of the sixth transmission line are coupled to a ground potential.
23. The device of claim 21 , wherein a first end portion of the first transmission line, a first end portion of the third transmission line and a first end portion of the fifth transmission line are coupled in parallel to the first port.
24. The device of claim 23 , wherein a second end portion of the second transmission line is coupled in series with a second end of the third transmission line, and wherein a second end portion of the fourth transmission line is coupled in series with a second end of the fifth transmission line.
25. The device of claim 1 , wherein the system includes a power amplifier having an input impedance and an output impedance.
26. The device of claim 25 , wherein the first port is coupled to an output matching network disposed between the second port and the power amplifier output impedance.
27. The device of claim 25 , wherein the first port is coupled to an input matching network disposed between the second port and the power amplifier input impedance.
28. The device of claim 27 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is substantially equal to about one-fourth.
29. The device of claim 27 , wherein the impedance transformation ratio is substantially equal to about one-fourth.