High density thermal storage arrangement
An energy transportation and grid support system utilizes at least one transportable containment module capable of storing thermal or chemical energy typically produced from renewable or geothermal sources and providing connectivity with energy conversion equipment typically located in a land or sea-based operating facility. The system includes circuitry to hookup to an adjacent electricity grid for the provision of grid support and/or piping to move thermal energy typically used to drive steam turbines generating ′ electricity. The operating facility also includes a communication arrangement to link with and exchange operations control data with a grid or heating operator and the energy transportation operator. The invention is directed to both apparatus and method for the energy transportation and grid support system.
1. A thermal energy storage arrangement comprising a graphite core heated by electrical resistance heaters with heat being removed from said graphite core by a gas flow extraction arrangement; said graphite core comprising a series of column graphite modules with each graphite module having a series of elongate graphite column blocks arranged in a side by side cluster configuration with each graphite module including as part of the gas flow extraction arrangement a first series of gas circulating passages through said graphite module defined within said cluster configuration between adjacent graphite column blocks and a second series of gas circulating passages on an outer surface of said cluster configuration of said graphite blocks and connect to said gas flow extraction arrangement;
each graphite module including a top ceramic manifold and a bottom ceramic manifold that respectively cover and cooperate with a top and bottom end of said series of graphite blocks of said graphite column module;
each module having an oxygen free non-reactive gas controlled to circulate through the module and extract heat stored in said series of graphite blocks;
and wherein a top end of each elongate graphite column block includes a central passage extending in a length of the graphite block with one of said electrical resistance heaters being located therein with an end of the electrical heater extending through said top manifold; and
wherein said graphite column blocks of each graphite module engage and cooperate with at least one adjacent graphite column block to collectively define said first series of gas circulating passages extending through said graphite core; and wherein said first series of gas circulation passages are defined by opposed partial channels between exterior surfaces of adjacent abutting graphite column blocks;
wherein each graphite module includes a cooperating graphite fabric wrapped about said elongate graphite column blocks to collectively define said second series of gas circulating passages located between said graphite fabric and said graphite column blocks;
said first and second series of gas circulating passageways extending between and connecting with said top and bottom ceramic manifolds; and
wherein said first and second series of gas circulating passages include an erosion reducing high temperature coating of SiC, boron nitride or boron carbide bonded to said circulating passages of said graphite core.
2. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said graphite column blocks are elongate cylindrical graphite column blocks.
3. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 2 wherein each elongate cylindrical column block of a respective module cooperates with at least three adjacent elongate cylindrical column blocks of the module to collectively define some of said first series of gas circulating passages.
4. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 3 wherein each graphite module includes at least seven elongate cylindrical graphite column blocks.
5. A thermal storage arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said top ceramic manifold directs a gas flow extraction gas to one end of said graphite module and said bottom ceramic manifold directs said gas flow extraction gas away from said graphite module.
6. A thermal storage arrangement as claimed in claim 5 wherein said electrical resistance heaters include graphite resistive heating electrodes located in said separate heating passages.
7. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein each graphite column block includes an exterior surface containing said partial channels that cooperates with partial channels of adjacent column blocks to form said first series of gas circulation passageways.
8. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 7 wherein said partial channels are of a semi-circular cross section.
9. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 7 , wherein said graphite column blocks are multi flat sided elongate graphite column blocks and adjacent multi-flat sided elongate graphite column blocks abut on a side thereof with some of said gas circulating passages defined therebetween.
10. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 9 wherein said elongate graphite column blocks are of a hexagonal cross section.
11. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 10 wherein at least one of said elongate graphite column blocks of each module includes adjacent elongate graphite column blocks thereabout such that each side of the at least one elongate graphite column block is in abutment with a side of one of the adjacent elongate graphite column blocks.
12. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 10 wherein each side of the hexagonal elongate graphite column blocks includes at least one of said opposed partial channels.
13. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 9 wherein said graphite fabric is applied about an outer surface of each module of elongate graphite column blocks and said graphite fabric is impregnated with a SiC coating.
14. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 9 wherein each side of said elongate graphite column blocks include a plurality of said opposed partial channels.
15. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said graphite column blocks are elongate cylindrical blocks grouped in an abutting parallel manner to define said first series of gas circulating passages between abutting cylindrical walls of said cylindrical blocks.
16. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 15 wherein each module includes a graphite fabric about said elongate cylindrical blocks that cooperates with said cylindrical blocks of said module to form said second series of gas circulating passages between the modules and the graphite fabric.
17. A thermal energy storage arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said graphite core includes no metal components.