Cross-pleated membrane cartridges, and method and apparatus for making cross-pleated membrane cartridges
A membrane cartridge is manufactured by repeatedly folding and joining two strips of membrane to form a cross-pleated cartridge with a stack of openings or fluid passageways configured in an alternating cross-flow arrangement. The cartridge can be modified for other flow configurations including co-flow and counter-flow arrangements. Methods for manufacturing such cross-pleated membrane cartridges, as well as apparatus used in the manufacturing process are described. Cross-pleated membrane cartridges comprising water-permeable membranes can be used in a variety of applications, including in heat and water vapor exchangers. In particular they can be incorporated into energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) for exchanging heat and water vapor between air streams being directed into and out of buildings.
1. A cross-pleated cartridge comprising two strips of sheet material folded to form multiple layers defining a stack of fluid passageways, wherein each layer comprises a portion of each of the two strips of sheet material lying side-by-side in substantially the same plane and joined by a seam, and wherein adjacent fluid passageways in the stack are oriented at 90° to one another.
2. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the sheet material is a foil material.
3. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the sheet material is metal.
4. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 2 wherein the cross-pleated cartridge is a heat exchanger cartridge.
5. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the sheet material is a selectively permeable membrane.
6. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 5 wherein the selectively permeable membrane promotes the selective transfer of a first gas.
7. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 6 wherein the cross-pleated cartridge is a gas separation cartridge for separating the first gas from a mixed gas stream.
8. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cross-pleated cartridge is a water treatment cartridge for purification of water.
9. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the sheet material is porous.
10. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cross-pleated cartridge is a filter cartridge.
11. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cross-pleated cartridge further comprises a layer of sequestering material disposed in at least some of the fluid passageways.
12. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 wherein the cartridge is made by:
(a) positioning the two strips of the sheet material, extending in substantially opposite directions, so that a portion of an edge of one strip is adjacent to a portion of an edge of the other strip, forming a first seam;
(b) joining the adjacent edge portions of the strips along the first seam to form one of the layers of sheet material;
(c) making a 45° fold in each strip towards and then overlaying the first seam, to form a second seam at 90° to the first seam;
(d) joining the adjacent edge portions of the strips along the second seam to form another layer of sheet material;
(e) making a 45° fold in each strip towards and then overlaying the second seam, to form another first seam at 90° to the second seam;
(f) repeating steps (b) to (e), thereby forming the cross-pleated cartridge.
13. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 12 wherein the adjacent edge portions of the strips of sheet material are positioned so that they abut one another along the seams.
14. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 12 wherein the adjacent edge portions of the strips of sheet material are positioned so that they overlap one another along the seams.
15. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a separator disposed in at least some of the fluid passageways.
16. The cross-pleated cartridge of claim 15 wherein each of the separators defines a plurality of discrete fluid flow channels within the fluid passageway in which each separator is disposed.
17. A heat exchanger for transferring heat between a first fluid stream and a second fluid stream, the heat exchanger comprising a cross-pleated cartridge according to claim 1 .
18. The heat exchanger of claim 17 further comprising a housing, wherein the cross-pleated cartridge is enclosed within the housing, the housing comprising:
a first inlet port, a first outlet port, a second inlet port and a second outlet port;
wherein the first fluid passageways of the cartridge fluidly connect the first inlet port to the first outlet port for passage of the first fluid stream therebetween and the second fluid passageways of the cartridge fluidly connect the second inlet port to the second outlet port for passage of the second fluid stream therebetween.
19. A gas separator for separating at least a first gas from a mixed gas stream, the gas separator comprising at least one cross-pleated cartridge according to claim 6 .
20. A water treatment device comprising at least one cross-pleated cartridge according to claim 1 .
21. A filter comprising at least one cross-pleated cartridge according to claim 9 .