Perpendicular MRAM with magnet
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) comprising an MRAM die having a front side that includes therein a plurality of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) memory elements and a back side; and a sheet of permanent magnet disposed in close proximity to the MRAM die with a sheet surface facing the front side or back side of the MRAM die. The sheet of permanent magnet has a permanent magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet surface facing the MRAM die and exerts a magnetic field that eliminate or minimize the offset field of the magnetic free layer. The MRAM die and the sheet of permanent magnet may be encapsulated by a package case. The MRAM may further comprise a soft magnetic shield disposed on a side of the MRAM die opposite the sheet of permanent magnet.
1. A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) comprising:
an MRAM die having a front side that includes therein a plurality of selection transistors and a plurality of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) memory elements formed thereon and a back side;
a sheet of permanent magnet disposed in close proximity to said MRAM die with a sheet surface facing said front side or back side of said MRAM die, said sheet of permanent magnet having a permanent magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to said sheet surface; and
a package case encapsulating said MRAM die and said sheet of permanent magnet.
2. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of perpendicular MTJ memory elements comprises:
a magnetic reference layer having a fixed magnetization substantially perpendicular to a layer plane thereof;
a magnetic free layer having a variable magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to a layer plane thereof; and
an insulating tunnel junction layer formed between said magnetic reference and free layers.
3. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said sheet surface faces said back side of said MRAM die.
4. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said sheet surface is bonded to said back side of said MRAM die.
5. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said sheet of permanent magnet is made of a rare-earth magnet, a hard ferrite magnet, or a hard magnetic alloy comprising cobalt, nickel, and aluminum.
6. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , further comprising a layer of soft ferromagnetic material formed between said MRAM die and said sheet of permanent magnet.
7. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , further comprising a first soft magnetic shield formed on a side of said MRAM die opposite said sheet of permanent magnet.
8. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , further comprising a wrap-around soft magnetic shield that surrounds said MRAM die and said sheet of permanent magnet.
9. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said package case is made of an insulator material.
10. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said package case is partly constructed of a soft ferromagnetic material.
11. The magnetic random access memory of claim 1 , wherein said MRAM die is fabricated by dicing a wafer substrate with device layers formed thereon.
12. The magnetic random access memory of claim 2 , wherein each of said plurality of perpendicular MTJ memory elements further comprises a magnetic fixed layer coupled to said magnetic reference layer through an anti-ferromagnetic coupling layer.
13. The magnetic random access memory of claim 7 , wherein said first soft magnetic shield is made of a soft ferromagnetic alloy comprising nickel and iron.
14. The magnetic random access memory of claim 7 , further comprising a second soft magnetic shield formed on a side of said sheet of permanent magnet opposite said MRAM die.
15. The magnetic random access memory of claim 7 , wherein said first soft magnetic shield has a discrete, planar shape and is isolated from other magnetic structures.
16. The magnetic random access memory of claim 14 , wherein said second soft magnetic shield is made of a soft ferromagnetic alloy comprising nickel and iron.
17. A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) comprising:
an MRAM die having a front side that includes therein a plurality of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) memory elements and a back side; and
a sheet of permanent magnet disposed in close proximity to said MRAM die with a sheet surface facing said front side or back side of said MRAM die, said sheet of permanent magnet having a permanent magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to said sheet surface,
wherein said sheet of permanent magnet has variable thickness.
18. A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) comprising:
an MRAM die having a front side that includes therein a plurality of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) memory elements and a back side;
a sheet of permanent magnet disposed in close proximity to said MRAM die with a sheet surface facing said front side or back side of said MRAM die, said sheet of permanent magnet having a permanent magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to said sheet surface; and
a package case encapsulating said MRAM die and said sheet of permanent magnet,
wherein said package case is made of a composite material comprising soft ferromagnetic particles imbedded in an insulator matrix.