Micro assembled LED displays and lighting elements
The disclosed technology provides micro-assembled micro-LED displays and lighting elements using arrays of micro-LEDs that are too small (e.g., micro-LEDs with a width or diameter of 10 μm to 50 μm), numerous, or fragile to assemble by conventional means. The disclosed technology provides for micro-LED displays and lighting elements assembled using micro-transfer printing technology. The micro-LEDs can be prepared on a native substrate and printed to a display substrate (e.g., plastic, metal, glass, or other materials), thereby obviating the manufacture of the micro-LEDs on the display substrate. In certain embodiments, the display substrate is transparent and/or flexible.
1. A multi-functional display, comprising:
a display substrate;
an array of micro-LEDs on the display substrate; and
an array of functional elements on the display substrate, the micro-LEDs interspersed with the functional elements, wherein the display substrate is non-native to the micro-LEDs and is non-native to the functional elements;
a polymer layer disposed on the display substrate, wherein the array of micro-LEDs and the array of functional elements are on the polymer layer such that the polymer layer is between the display substrate and the array of micro-LEDs and the array of functional elements;
a first patterned metal layer disposed on a surface of the display substrate;
a dielectric layer disposed on the display substrate and the first patterned metal layer;
a plurality of vias formed through the polymer layer and the dielectric layer, each via associated with a corresponding micro-LED; and
a second patterned metal layer, the second patterned metal layer comprising a plurality of anode interconnections and a plurality of cathode interconnections in a single layer, each anode interconnection electrically connecting an anode of a corresponding micro-LED to the first patterned metal layer through a corresponding via of the plurality of vias and each cathode interconnection electrically contacting a cathode of a corresponding micro-LED.
2. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the functional elements have a different spatial density over the display substrate than the micro-LEDs.
3. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the micro-LEDs are formed in a native substrate separate and distinct from the display substrate.
4. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the functional elements are formed in a native substrate separate and distinct from the display substrate.
5. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the number of functional elements is less than or equal to the number of micro-LEDs in the display.
6. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the number of functional elements is less than or equal to one-third of the number of micro-LEDs in the display.
7. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the display substrate has a thickness from 5 to 10 microns, 10 to 50 microns, 50 to 100 microns, 100 to 200 microns, 200 to 500 microns, 500 microns to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, or 10 mm to 20 mm.
8. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein each micro-LED has a width from 2 to 5 μm, 5 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
9. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein each micro-LED has a length from 2 to 5 μm, 5 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
10. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein each micro-LED has a height from 2 to 5 μm, 4 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
11. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein each functional element has at least one of a width, length, and height from 2 to 5 μm, 4 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
12. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein a resolution of the display is 120×90, 1440×1080, 1920×1080, 1280×720, 3840×2160, 7680×4320, or 15360×8640.
13. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein each micro-LED has an anode and a cathode on a same side of the respective micro-LED.
14. The multi-functional display of claim 13 , wherein the anode and cathode of a respective light emitter are horizontally separated by a horizontal distance, wherein the horizontal distance is from 100 nm to 500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron, 1 micron to 20 microns, 20 microns to 50 microns, or 50 microns to 100 microns.
15. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the array of micro-LEDs and the array of functional elements are on a common plane.
16. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , comprising:
a polymer layer disposed on the display substrate, wherein the array of micro-LEDs and the array of functional elements are on the polymer layer such that the polymer layer is between the display substrate and the array of micro-LEDs and the array of functional elements.
17. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , comprising:
a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprises at least one micro-LED in the array of micro-LEDs and at least one functional element in the array of functional elements.
18. The multi-functional display of claim 1 , wherein the functional elements comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of contact gesture sensors, non-contact gesture sensors, memory, transceivers, infrared sensors, temperature sensors, motion-energy scavenging devices, piezoelectric devices, lasers, image capture devices, capacitors, antennas, and wireless transmission devices.