Transition metal hexacyanoferrate battery with carbonaceous anode
A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMH) cathode battery is provided. The battery has a A x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O cathode, where the A cations are either alkali or alkaline-earth cations, such as sodium or potassium, where x is in the range of 1 to 2, where y is in the range of 0.5 to 1, and where z is in the range of 0 to 3.5. The A x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O has a rhombohedral crystal structure with Mn 2+/3+ and Fe 2+/3+ having the same reduction/oxidation potential. The battery also has an electrolyte, and anode made of an A metal, an A composite, or a material that can host A atoms. The battery has a single plateau charging curve, where a single plateau charging curve is defined as a constant charging voltage slope between 15% and 85% battery charge capacity. Fabrication methods are also provided.
1. A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMH) cathode battery, the battery comprising:
a A x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O cathode;
where A cations are selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium cations;
where x is in a range of 1 to 2;
where y is in a range of 0.5 to 1;
where z is in a range of 0 to 3.5;
an anode comprising hard carbon; and,
a non-aqueous electrolyte.
2. A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMH) cathode battery, the battery comprising:
a A x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O cathode;
where A cations are selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium cations;
where x is in a range of 1 to 2;
where y is in a range of 0.5 to 1;
where z is in a range of 0 to 3.5;
an anode comprising graphite; and,
an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent and A-atom salts.
3. The battery of claim 1 wherein the battery electrodes comprise current collectors made of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and stainless steel.
4. The battery of claim 1 where the A x MnFe[(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O has a rhombohedral crystal structure with Mn 2+/3+ and Fe 2+/3+ having the same reduction/oxidation potential.
5. The battery of claim 1 wherein the TMH cathode has a single plateau charging curve, where a single plateau charging curve is defined as a constant charging voltage slope between 15% and 85% battery charge capacity.
6. The battery of claim 1 wherein the TMH cathode has a single plateau discharge curve, where a single plateau discharge curve is defined as a constant discharge voltage slope between 85% and 15% battery charge capacity.
7. The battery of claim 2 wherein the battery electrodes further comprise current collectors made of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and stainless steel.
8. The battery of claim 2 where the A x MnFe[(CN) 6 ] y .zH 2 O has a rhombohedral crystal structure with Mn 2+/3+ and Fe 2+/3+ having the same reduction/oxidation potential.
9. The battery of claim 2 wherein the TMH cathode has a single plateau charging curve, where a single plateau charging curve is defined as a constant charging voltage slope between 15% and 85% battery charge capacity.
10. The battery of claim 2 wherein the TMH cathode has a single plateau discharge curve, where a single plateau discharge curve is defined as a constant discharge voltage slope between 85% and 15% battery charge capacity.