High temperature oxidation protection for composites
A method for coating a composite structure, comprising applying a first slurry onto a surface of the composite structure, wherein the first slurry is a sol gel comprising a metal organic salt, a first carrier fluid, and a ceramic material, and heating the composite structure to a first sol gel temperature sufficient to form a sol gel-derived base layer on the composite structure.
1. A method for forming an oxidation protection system on a carbon-carbon composite structure, comprising:
applying a first slurry onto a surface of the composite structure, wherein the first slurry is a sol gel comprising a metal organic salt comprising aluminum tri-sec butoxide, a first carrier fluid, ethanol, acetic acid, methanol, and a ceramic material;
heating the composite structure to a first sol gel temperature sufficient to form a sol gel-derived base layer on the composite structure;
forming a second slurry by combining a pre-slurry composition with a second carrier fluid, wherein the pre-slurry composition comprises a phosphate glass composition,
wherein the phosphate glass composition comprises at least one of phosphate glass or borophosphate glass;
applying the second slurry to the sol gel-derived base layer; and
heating the composite structure to a sealing temperature sufficient to form a sealing layer on the sol gel-derived base layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material comprises at least one of silicon carbide nanoparticles, boron carbide particles, silicon nitride nanoparticles, titanium carbide nanoparticles, titanium boride particles, or titanium nitride nanoparticles.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal organic salt comprises at least one of an aluminum compound, a silicon compound, a zirconium compound, a titanium compound, or a calcium compound.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the metal organic salt comprises at least one of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum sec-butoxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate, zirconium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, calcium nitrate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the first slurry is completed by at least one of spraying or brushing the first slurry onto the surface of the composite structure.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first slurry is substantially free of at least one of phosphate glass or acid aluminum phosphate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first slurry further comprises a pH modifier.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pH modifier is at least one of acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid, or hydrochloric acid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of phosphate glass or borophosphate glass is prepared by being ground to form a glass frit.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphate glass composition is free of an oxide of silicon.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a pretreating composition prior to applying the first slurry to the composite structure, wherein the applying the pretreating composition comprises:
applying a first pretreating composition to an outer surface of the composite structure before the applying the first slurry, and the applying the second slurry, wherein the first pretreating composition comprises aluminum oxide and water;
heating the first pretreating composition on the composite structure; and
applying a second pretreating composition comprising at least one of a phosphoric acid or an acid phosphate salt, and an aluminum salt on the first pretreating composition, wherein the composite structure is porous and the second pretreating composition penetrates at least a portion of a plurality of pores of the composite structure.