Optics and structure for space applications
An optical mining apparatus comprising: a light weight solar reflector; optics for controlling the delivery of concentrated sun light onto the surface of a target; and a temperature controlled gas enclosure that contains the target; wherein said solar reflector is oriented to reflect sun light onto said optics.
1. A method for mining of a target located in space to extract volatiles as gases comprising the steps of:
providing a system for mining the target, the system comprising:
a thin-film inflatable bag configured to contain the target;
a set of optical elements configured to: (i) collect or focus solar power and direct the solar power toward the target, and (ii) direct thermal energy derived from the solar power on the surface of the target; and
a container for storing volatile gases at low pressure;
positioning the mining system in heliocentric, geocentric, lunar or planetary orbit;
restraining a target within the system;
impinging the surface of the target with directed power through the set of optical elements;
concentrating the directed power onto a portion of the surface of the target with a focused power density sufficient to spall or ablate the surface;
excavating the surface of the target by spalling or ablation while also liberating water vapor and/or other volatile gases;
restraining excavated debris in the thin-film inflatable bag;
capturing outgassed volatile gases and containing the gases;
transferring the evolved gases;
removing excavated debris from the target to expose fresh target surface to optical thermal energy; and
excavating another thin layer of the target to continue mining the target and repeating these steps until the target is exhausted of volatiles.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the target comprises near-earth objects (NEO) or other planetary bodies or moons in microgravity or the surface of a planet or planetoid.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the volatile gases produced by the method may be used for at least one of propellants, consumable feedstock, breathable air, water, radiation shielding or ingredients in structures or chemical processes.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of optical elements comprise at least one of a light pipe, nonimaging optics, a thin film or inflatable solar concentrator, an inflatable reflector, parabolic reflector, or a Winston horn.
5. The method of claim 1 where in the step of restraining the target comprises restraining the target in the thin-film inflatable bag attached the mining system.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the thin-film inflatable bag comprises an inner mesh for capturing excavated debris from the target.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein volatile gases comprise water vapor and other volatile materials such as CO2, SO2, methane or carbon dioxide.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein excavating the surface of the target comprises fracturing the surface and causing it to spall and shed small pieces or chips.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of telescoping the set of optical elements toward the target as excavation continues.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of optical elements comprise a lightweight inflatable solar reflector comprises a non-imaging light collector in the shape of an off-axis parabola of revolution with a reflective inner surface.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of optical element comprise multifunctional optics configured to both propel the system for mining the target and direct the thermal energy derived from the solar power on the surface of the target for optical mining.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the system for mining the target further comprises a secondary bag having an outer mirror coating and configured to emit infrared radiation and reflect sunlight.