Interconnect structures and methods of forming the same
Embodiments described herein relate generally to one or more methods for forming an interconnect structure, such as a dual damascene interconnect structure comprising a conductive line and a conductive via, and structures formed thereby. In some embodiments, an interconnect opening is formed through one or more dielectric layers over a semiconductor substrate. The interconnect opening has a via opening and a trench over the via opening. A conductive via is formed in the via opening. A nucleation enhancement treatment is performed on one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench. A conductive line is formed in the trench on the one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and on the conductive via.
1. A method comprising:
forming an interconnect opening through one or more dielectric layers over a semiconductor substrate, the interconnect opening having a via opening and a trench over the via opening;
forming a conductive via in the via opening;
performing a nucleation enhancement treatment on one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and an exposed metal surface of the conductive via to increase a number of nucleation sites on the one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and the exposed metal surface of the conductive via; and
forming a conductive line in the trench on the one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and on the exposed metal surface of the conductive via, the conductive line comprising a single continuous material, wherein forming the conductive line comprises:
adsorbing the material of the conductive line into the nucleation sites; and
planarizing the material of the conductive line and an upper dielectric layer of the one or more dielectric layers, wherein a top surface of the upper dielectric layer and a lowest point of a top surface of the conductive line are coplanar after the planarizing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the conductive line comprises conformally depositing the material of the conductive line in the trench on the one or more exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and the exposed metal surface of the conductive via.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the conductive line does not include depositing a seed layer for depositing the material of the conductive line, and wherein no metal-containing barrier layer is deposited in the interconnect opening before the conductive line is formed.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a first dielectric liner on a first sidewall of the via opening and a second dielectric liner on a second sidewall of the trench, wherein:
the one or more dielectric layers includes an etch stop layer;
the one or more exposed dielectric surfaces includes a surface of the etch stop layer;
the via opening is through the etch stop layer; and
the etch stop layer, the first dielectric liner, and the second dielectric liner form a dielectric diffusion barrier.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation enhancement treatment includes sputtering.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation enhancement treatment includes a beam line implantation.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation enhancement treatment includes a plasma treatment.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation enhancement treatment includes an ultra-violet (UV) treatment.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation enhancement treatment includes plasma doping.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
before forming the conductive via in the via opening, cleaning the via opening.
11. A method comprising:
forming a dual damascene opening through one or more dielectric layers over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the dual damascene opening includes a trench and a via opening;
forming a conductive via in the via opening;
increasing a number of nucleation sites on dielectric surfaces exposed in the trench by breaking chemical bonds of the dielectric surfaces exposed in the trench; and
depositing a conductive fill material in the trench by adsorbing the conductive fill material on the increased number of nucleation sites, wherein depositing the conductive fill material does not include using a seed layer.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
cleaning dielectric surfaces exposed in the via opening, wherein forming the conductive via comprises depositing the conductive via on the dielectric surfaces exposed in the via opening.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
performing a selectivity enhancement treatment on the surfaces exposed in the via opening and on the surfaces exposed in the trench before forming the conductive via and before depositing the conductive fill material in the trench.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein increasing the number of nucleation sites comprises performing a combination of sputtering, beam line implantation, a plasma treatment, an ultra-violet (UV) treatment, and plasma doping.
15. A method comprising:
forming a conductive feature over a semiconductor substrate;
depositing one or more dielectric layers over the conductive feature;
etching an interconnect opening through the dielectric layers, the interconnect opening having a via opening and a trench over the via opening, the via opening exposing the conductive feature;
cleaning the via opening;
depositing a conductive via in the cleaned via opening;
after depositing the conductive via, nucleating exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and exposed conductive surfaces of the conductive via; and
depositing a conductive line on the exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench and on the exposed conductive surfaces of the conductive via, the conductive line being a single continuous layer of a first conductive material extending between the exposed dielectric surfaces of the trench.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conductive via is a second conductive material, the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first conductive material is tungsten and the second conductive material is ruthenium.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein no seed layer is formed between the conductive via and the conductive line.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein depositing the one or more dielectric layers comprises:
depositing a first dielectric layer over the conductive feature;
depositing an etch stop layer over the first dielectric layer; and
depositing a second dielectric layer over the etch stop layer,
wherein etching the interconnect opening comprises:
etching the trench through the second dielectric layer; and
etching the via opening through the etch stop layer and the first dielectric layer.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein depositing the one or more dielectric layers comprises:
depositing a single dielectric layer over the conductive feature,
wherein etching the interconnect opening comprises:
etching the trench through the single dielectric layer; and
etching the via opening through the single dielectric layer.