High density pixelated-led chips and chip array devices
Pixelated-LED chips and related methods are disclosed. A pixelated-LED chip includes an active layer with independently electrically accessible active layer portions arranged on or over a light-transmissive substrate. The active layer portions are configured to illuminate different light-transmissive substrate portions to form pixels. Various enhancements may beneficially provide increased contrast (i.e., reduced cross-talk between pixels) and/or promote inter-pixel illumination homogeneity, without unduly restricting light utilization efficiency. In some aspects, a light extraction surface of each substrate portion includes protruding features and light extraction surface recesses. Lateral borders between different pixels are aligned with selected light extraction surface recesses. In some aspects, selected light extraction surface recesses extend through an entire thickness of the substrate. Other technical benefits may additionally or alternatively be achieved.
1. A method for fabricating a pixelated-LED lighting device comprising:
defining a plurality of recesses or streets through an active layer on a substrate to form a plurality of active layer portions, wherein the substrate comprises (i) a light injection surface proximate to the plurality of active layer portions, and (ii) a light extraction surface generally opposing the light injection surface, wherein recesses or streets of the plurality of recesses or streets are (a) defined through the light injection surface and less than an entire thickness of the substrate and (b) arranged generally between the plurality of active layer portions, and the substrate includes a plurality of anode-cathode pairs in conductive electrical communication with the plurality of active layer portions;
thinning the substrate; and
removing portions of the substrate through an entire thickness of the substrate along a plurality of regions registered with the plurality of recesses or streets to form a plurality of discontinuous substrate portions.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
each active layer portion of the plurality of active layer portions is configured to illuminate a different light-transmissive portion of a plurality of light-transmissive portions and transmit light through the light extraction surface, such that the plurality of active layer portions and the plurality of discontinuous substrate portions form a plurality of pixels, and pixels of the plurality of pixels comprise a maximum pixel width; and
the method further comprises forming a plurality of protruding features in the light extraction surface, wherein each protruding feature of the plurality of protruding features comprises a width in a range of from about one fifth to about one half of the maximum pixel width.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a first lumiphoric material to the light extraction surface.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising removing a portion of the first lumiphoric material that is registered between pixels of the plurality of pixels to form a plurality of light segregation elements.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising applying a second lumiphoric material over the first lumiphoric material and the plurality of light segregation elements.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising planarizing the plurality of anode-cathode pairs.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying an underfill material between the plurality of anode-cathode pairs and between the plurality of active layer portions before the thinning of the substrate.
8. A method for fabricating a pixelated-LED lighting device, the method comprising:
defining a plurality of recesses or streets through an active layer on a substrate to form a plurality of active layer portions, wherein the substrate comprises (i) a light injection surface proximate to the plurality of active layer portions, and (ii) a light extraction surface generally opposing the light injection surface, wherein recesses or streets of the plurality of recesses or streets are (a) defined through the light injection surface and less than an entire thickness of the substrate and (b) arranged generally between the plurality of active layer portions, and the substrate includes a plurality of anode-cathode pairs in conductive electrical communication with the plurality of active layer portions;
applying an underfill material between the plurality of anode-cathode pairs and between the plurality of active layer portions; and
thinning the substrate after applying the underfill material.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising removing portions of the substrate along a plurality of regions, wherein some regions of the plurality of regions are registered with the plurality of recesses or streets.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising removing portions of the substrate through the entire thickness of the substrate along the plurality of regions registered with the plurality of recesses or streets to form a plurality of discontinuous substrate portions.
11. A method for fabricating a pixelated-LED lighting device, the method comprising:
defining a plurality of recesses or streets through an active layer to form a plurality of active layer portions;
depositing a plurality of anode-cathode pairs on the plurality of active layer portions to form a plurality of pixels;
applying a first lumiphoric material to the plurality of pixels; and
removing at least a portion of the first lumiphoric material between each pixel of the plurality of pixels to form a plurality of light segregation elements.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the removing at least a portion of the first lumiphoric material comprises passing a saw blade across the first lumiphoric material.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising applying a second lumiphoric material over the first lumiphoric material and the plurality of light segregation elements.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising applying an underfill material within the plurality of recesses or streets and between the plurality of anode-cathode pairs.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein a plurality of substrate portions supports the plurality of active layer portions, and the method further comprises removing the plurality of substrate portions before applying the first lumiphoric material.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising applying a second lumiphoric material over the first lumiphoric material and the plurality of light segregation elements.