Physiological monitoring garments
Described herein are apparatuses (e.g., garments, including but not limited to shirts, pants, and the like) for detecting and monitoring physiological parameters, such as respiration, cardiac parameters, and the like. Also described herein are methods of forming garments having one or more stretchable conductive ink patterns and methods of making garments having one or more highly stretchable conductive ink pattern formed of a composite of an insulative adhesive, a conductive ink, and an intermediate gradient zone between the adhesive and conductive ink. The conductive ink typically includes between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener. The stretchable conductive ink patterns may be stretched more than twice their length without breaking or rupturing.
1. A wearable electronics device, the device comprising:
a shirt;
a sensor module interface configured to be positioned over a wearer's upper back when the shirt is worn;
a plurality of elongate strips, wherein each elongate strip of the plurality of elongate strips comprises a fabric, and a plurality of electrically conductive wires extending along the length of a first side of the strip in a sinusoidal or zig-zag pattern, wherein each elongate strip of the plurality of elongate strips extends from the sensor module interface and is adhesively attached to the shirt; and
a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor in the plurality of sensors is electrically connected to one or more of the wires of the plurality of wires of the plurality of elongate strips;
wherein at least one of the sensors of the plurality of sensors comprises a layer of conductive ink having: between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener; a layer of an elastic adhesive; a transition region between the conductive ink and the elastic adhesive, the transition region comprising a nonhomogeneous mixture of the conductive ink and the elastic adhesive; and an insulating resin over at least a portion of the layer of conductive ink.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the layer of elastic adhesive is greater than the thickness of the transition region and the thickness of the layer of conductive ink is less than the thickness of the elastic layer.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of carbon black.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of one or more of: carbon black, mica, graphene, graphite, silver metal powder, copper metal powder, or iron metal powder.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises acrylic binder.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises propylenyc glycol.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thickener comprises polyurethanic thickener.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic adhesive comprises a thermo-adhesive water-based glue that is electrically insulative.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an insulating resin at least partially over the layer of conductive ink.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprise stretch sensors.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a compression fabric.
12. A wearable electronics device, the device comprising:
a shirt;
a sensor module interface configured to be positioned over a wearer's upper back when the shirt is worn;
a plurality of elongate fabric strips, wherein each elongate fabric strip of the plurality of elongate fabric strips extends from the sensor module and comprises a plurality of electrically conductive wires extending along the length of a first side of each strip in a sinusoidal or zig-zag pattern, wherein each elongate fabric strip of the plurality of elongate fabric strips extends from the sensor module interface and is adhesively attached to the shirt; and
a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor in the plurality of sensors is electrically connected to one or more of the wires of the plurality of wires;
wherein at least one of the sensors of the plurality of sensors comprises a layer of conductive ink having: between about 40-60% conductive particles, between about 30-50% binder; between about 3-7% solvent; and between about 3-7% thickener; a layer of an elastic adhesive; a transition region between the conductive ink and the elastic adhesive, the transition region comprising a nonhomogeneous mixture of the conductive ink and the elastic adhesive; and an insulating resin over at least a portion of the layer of conductive ink.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the thickness of the layer of elastic adhesive is greater than the thickness of the transition region and the thickness of the layer of conductive ink is less than the thickness of the elastic layer.
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of carbon black.
15. The device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive particles comprise particles of one or more of:
carbon black, mica, graphene, graphite, silver metal powder, copper metal powder, or iron metal powder.
16. The device of claim 12 , wherein the binder comprises acrylic binder.
17. The device of claim 12 , wherein the solvent comprises propylenyc glycol.
18. The device of claim 12 , wherein the thickener comprises polyurethanic thickener.
19. The device of claim 12 , wherein the elastic adhesive comprises a thermo-adhesive water-based glue that is electrically insulative.
20. The device of claim 12 , further comprising an insulating resin at least partially over the layer of conductive ink.