Selective interfacial mitigation of graphene defects
A method for the repair of defects in a graphene or other two-dimensional material through interfacial polymerization.
1. A membrane, comprising:
a two-dimensional material having a thickness and including polymer regions that extend through defects in the two-dimensional material; and
a polymer handling region comprised of the polymer extending along at least a portion of an edge of the two-dimensional material.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material comprises graphene.
3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein membrane is biocompatible or bio-inert.
4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region forms a continuous border along the entire circumference of the two-dimensional material.
5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region extends from the at least a portion of the edge of the two-dimensional material for a distance of at least about 1 mm.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region and the polymer regions that extend through the defects have the same thickness.
7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region is adhered and sealed to a support structure.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising a second membrane the same as the membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region of the membrane of claim 1 is sealed to the polymer handling region of the second membrane to form an enclosure comprised of the two-dimensional material of the membrane of claim 1 and the two-dimensional material of the second membrane.
9. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the support structure comprises a mesh.
10. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the support structure comprises a porous polymer.
11. The membrane of claim 7 , wherein the support structure is covalently adhered to the polymer regions.
12. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer handling region comprises a thickness between 3 nm to 100 μm.
13. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the graphene comprises single layer graphene.
14. The membrane of claim 13 , wherein the single layer graphene is about 3.5 angstroms thick.
15. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer regions that extend through defects comprise a thickness of 3 nm to 500 nm.
16. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the graphene comprises a graphene-based material comprising a thickness from 0.3 nm to 10 nm.
17. The membrane of claim 16 , wherein the graphene-based material comprises non-graphenic carbon-based material located on at least one surface of the sheet of graphene-based material.
18. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material comprises from 1 to 20 stacked layers.
19. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer regions and polymer handling region comprise polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polyurethane, polysiloxane, phenolic resin, epoxy, melamine, polyacetal, polycarbonate, and co-polymers thereof; or the polymer regions and polymer handling region comprise polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate), or co-polymers thereof.
20. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the graphene further comprises pores.