Method of making an integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform
Methods of making an integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform. In one example, the method includes adhering a carbon nanotube to a surface of a transfer film, the transfer film comprising gold or a polymer; placing the surface of the transfer film on a CMOS integrated circuit; releasing the carbon nanotube from the transfer film; and forming a pair of post-processed electrodes proximate opposing ends of the carbon nanotube, the post-processed electrodes electrically connecting the carbon nanotube to the CMOS integrated circuit. The method can also include exposing the carbon nanotube to a diazonium salt solution to form a point defect on a portion of the carbon nanotube.
1. A method of making an integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform, comprising:
adhering a carbon nanotube to a surface of a transfer film;
placing the surface of the transfer film on a CMOS integrated circuit;
releasing the carbon nanotube from the transfer film; and
forming a pair of post-processed electrodes proximate opposing ends of the carbon nanotube, the post-processed electrodes electrically connecting the carbon nanotube to the CMOS integrated circuit.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transfer film comprises gold or a polymer.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising chemically removing the transfer film to release the carbon nanotube.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
chemically removing the transfer film comprises wet etching the transfer film, and
the transfer film comprises gold.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein
chemically removing the transfer film comprises soaking the CMOS integrated circuit in an organic solvent, and
the transfer film comprises a polymer.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
placing the nanotube on a transfer substrate;
depositing the transfer film on the transfer substrate; and
lifting off the transfer film from the transfer substrate, the transfer film comprising the nanotube.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising growing the nanotube on the transfer substrate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the transfer film comprises a polymer, and
depositing the transfer film comprises spinning the polymer onto the transfer substrate.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the transfer film comprises gold, and
depositing the transfer film comprises physical vapor depositing and/or electroplating the gold onto the transfer substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the pair of post-processed electrodes comprises depositing titanium, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, chromium, and/or aluminum on a pair of surface-exposed electrodes.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the pair of post-processed electrodes comprises etching away a pair of surface-exposed electrodes and replacing the pair of surface-exposed electrodes with a pair of electrodes that comprise titanium, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, chromium, and/or aluminum.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming one or more reference electrodes on the CMOS integrated circuit to allow control of an electrolytic gating potential.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more reference electrodes comprise platinum, palladium, and/or silver.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the one or more reference electrodes comprise a silver electrode, and
the silver electrode is converted into a silver-chloride electrode.
15. A method of making an integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform, comprising:
spraying a carbon nanotube suspension on the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit, the carbon nanotube suspension comprising a liquid and carbon nanotubes;
evaporating the liquid from the carbon nanotube suspension to deposit the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit; and
forming a pair of post-processed electrodes proximate opposing ends of one or more of the carbon nanotubes, the post-processed electrodes electrically connecting the one or more carbon nanotubes to the CMOS integrated circuit.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising rasterizing the CMOS integrated circuit and/or a spray nozzle during the spraying.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising spraying the carbon nanotube suspension from a print head nozzle or an ultrasonic nozzle.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising heating the CMOS integrated circuit to evaporate the liquid from the carbon nanotube suspension.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming the pair of post-processed electrodes comprises etching away a pair of surface-exposed electrodes and replacing the pair of surface-exposed electrodes with a pair of electrodes that comprise titanium, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, chromium, and/or aluminum.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising forming one or more reference electrodes on the CMOS integrated circuit to allow control of an electrolytic gating potential.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more reference electrodes comprise platinum, palladium, and/or silver.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein:
the one or more reference electrodes comprise a silver electrode, and
the silver electrode is converted into a silver-chloride electrode.
23. A method of making an integrated circuit for a single-molecule nucleic-acid assay platform, comprising:
forming a pair of electrodes on opposing ends of a carbon nanotube, the electrodes electrically connecting the carbon nanotube to a CMOS integrated circuit;
exposing the carbon nanotube to a diazonium salt solution; and
applying a reaction liquid-gate bias voltage that promotes a reaction between (a) the diazonium salt solution and (b) the carbon nanotube to form a point defect on a portion of the carbon nanotube.
24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising:
applying an initial liquid-gate bias voltage to inhibit the reaction; and
adjusting the liquid-gate bias voltage to the reaction liquid-gate bias voltage to promote the reaction.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
monitoring an electrical current through the carbon nanotube while applying the reaction liquid-gate bias voltage; and
detecting a discrete drop in the electrical current through the carbon nanotube; and
returning the liquid-gate bias voltage to the initial liquid-gate bias voltage after detecting the discrete drop.
26. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
applying the reaction liquid-gate bias voltage for a predetermined time period; and
returning the liquid-gate bias voltage to the initial liquid-gate bias voltage at the end of the predetermined time period.
27. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
exposing the carbon nanotube to the diazonium salt solution for a predetermined time period; and
rinsing the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit to halt a reaction between (a) the diazonium salt solution and (b) the carbon nanotube to form the point defect.
28. The method of claim 24 , further comprising depositing a photoresist or an e-beam resist on a portion of the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit prior to exposing the carbon nanotube to the diazonium salt solution to define an isolated exposed region on the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit for a reaction between the carbon nanotube and the diazonium salt solution.
29. The method of claim 23 , further comprising:
exposing the carbon nanotube to the diazonium salt solution for a predetermined time period; and
rinsing the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit to halt a reaction between (a) the diazonium salt solution and (b) the carbon nanotube to form the point defect.
30. The method of claim 23 , further comprising depositing a photoresist or an e-beam resist on a portion of the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit prior to exposing the carbon nanotube to the diazonium salt solution to define an isolated exposed region on the surface of the CMOS integrated circuit for a reaction between the carbon nanotube and the diazonium salt solution.